Life support system for space flights of extended time periods - Liquid/gas separation mechanisms

Life support system for extended space flights - liquid-gas separation mechanism

Development during adolescence of the neural processing of social emotion

In this fMRI study, we investigated the development between adolescence and adulthood of the neural processing of social emotions. Unlike basic emotions (such as disgust and fear), social emotions (such as guilt and embarrassment) require the representation of another's mental states. Nineteen adolescents (10–18 years) and 10 adults (22–32 years) were scanned while thinking about scenarios featuring either social or basic emotions. In both age groups, the anterior rostral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) was activated during social versus basic emotion. However, adolescents activated a lateral part of the MPFC for social versus basic emotions, whereas adults did not. Relative to adolescents, adults showed higher activity in the left temporal pole for social versus basic emotions. These results show that, although the MPFC is activated during social emotion in both adults and adolescents, adolescents recruit anterior (MPFC) regions more than do adults, and adults recruit posterior (temporal) regions more than do adolescents

A study of the intensity of the self-broadened fundamental band of hydrogen chloride

Intensity study of self-broadened fundamental band of hydrogen chlorid

21st century social work: reducing re-offending - key practice skills

This literature review was commissioned by the Scottish Executive’s Social Work Services Inspectorate in order to support the work of the 21st Century Social Work Review Group. Discussions in relation to the future arrangements for criminal justice social work raised issues about which disciplines might best encompass the requisite skills for reducing re-offending in the community. Rather than starting with what is known or understood about the skills of those professionals currently involved in such interventions, this study sought to start with the research evidence on effective work with offenders to reduce re-offending and then work its way back to the skills required to promote this outcome

Quantum Walks with Entangled Coins

We present a mathematical formalism for the description of unrestricted quantum walks with entangled coins and one walker. The numerical behaviour of such walks is examined when using a Bell state as the initial coin state, two different coin operators, two different shift operators, and one walker. We compare and contrast the performance of these quantum walks with that of a classical random walk consisting of one walker and two maximally correlated coins as well as quantum walks with coins sharing different degrees of entanglement. We illustrate that the behaviour of our walk with entangled coins can be very different in comparison to the usual quantum walk with a single coin. We also demonstrate that simply by changing the shift operator, we can generate widely different distributions. We also compare the behaviour of quantum walks with maximally entangled coins with that of quantum walks with non-entangled coins. Finally, we show that the use of different shift operators on 2 and 3 qubit coins leads to different position probability distributions in 1 and 2 dimensional graphs.Comment: Two new sections and several changes from referees' comments. 12 pages and 12 (colour) figure

Characterisation of the dynamical quantum state of a zero temperature Bose-Einstein condensate

We describe the quantum state of a Bose-Einstein condensate at zero temperature. By evaluating the Q-function we show that the ground state of Bose-Einstein condensate under the Hartree approximation is squeezed. We find that multimode Schroedinger cat states are generated as the condensate evolves in a ballistic expansion.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

Measurement of the lunar neutron density profile

An in situ measurement of the lunar neutron density from 20 to 400 g/sq cm depth between the lunar surface was made by the Apollo 17 Lunar Neutron Probe Experiment using particle tracks produced by the B10(n, alpha)Li7 reaction. Both the absolute magnitude and depth profile of the neutron density are in good agreement with past theoretical calculations. The effect of cadmium absorption on the neutron density and in the relative Sm149 to Gd157 capture rates obtained experimentally implies that the true lunar Gd157 capture rate is about one half of that calculated theoretically

Origin of Thorium/Uranium Variations in Carbonaceous Chondrites

Thorium-, U-, and Pb-isotopic analyses of a wide variety of planetary materials show that Th/U ratio (by weight) varies from 3.5 to 4.2. It is generally believed that chondritic meteorites contain refractory lithophile elements in a relative proportions close to solar, i.e., CI chondrites [1]. Surprisingly, a number of analyses of different types of carbonaceous chondrites show a large (at least a factor of 3) scatter in Th/U measurements [2]. The widest spread in Th/U is observed in the most primitive materials, CI-type chondrites. Cosmochronological models rely on the precise knowledge of the average solar system Th/U, therefore it is important to achieve a better understanding of the actinide chemistry in chondrites, e.g., what causes the variations in Th/U ratio

Apatite Control of Choncritic Actinide Chemistry?

The solar system Th/U is regarded as about 3.7, and ratios close to this are directly measured in a wide variety of planetary materials. Consequently, given that chondritic composition is regarded as solar for refractory lithophile elements, it is surprising that some ordinary chondrites show high ratios (6-6.5). We set out to understand the origin and implications of these anomalies, first by establishing that we had samples of the anomalous material using high accuracy isotope dilution, ICPMS measurements ofTh/U. Our three samples of Glatton (L6) were not anomalous (Th/U from 3.71 to 3.84), but for 12, typically gram-sized, samples of Harleton (L6) we find a range of Th/U from 2.5 to 6, a greater range of Th/U in one meteorite than in all previous ordinary chondrite analyses. Moreover, Fig. 1 shows (l) the Th/U variations linearly correlate with 11 U, suggesting two component mixing; (2) other literature analyses follow the Harleton trend