Guide to on-site wastewater management for industrial and commercial establishments and other institutions: guide for vehicle service station owners and managers

Wastewater treatmentEnvironmental managementOrganizations

Recent Cases: Eminent Domain — Retention Value as an Element of Valuation

In 1940 the plaintiff, a Swiss firm, purchased 420 metallic railway tires from an American firm, but was unable to ship them to Switzer­land through the existing British blockade. Plaintiff then made ex­tensive efforts to dispose of the tires, but because of their unusual dimensions was able to sell only 212 of them. In 1943, defendant, the United States Government, requisitioned the remaining 208 tires and awarded the plaintiff $1,003.14, the value of the tires as scrap iron. Plaintiff refused the award claiming that even though no market was available for the unsold tires, the tires should have been valued at the existing price of$8,100.84 on the domestic market or $9,180.95 on the foreign market. Held: because no adequate market value was available, the actual value of the tires in light of the surrounding facts, circumstances, and conditions was$4,000. The power to requisition private property for public use is limited by the constitutional guarantee of just compensation. The conventional criterion for just compensation is the price the property would bring on the open market by a willing seller to a willing buyer. But market value cannot be a rigid standard in all cases, for occasional­ly the existing market price may be a wholly inadequate measure of just compensation. This may be true where the market price includes enhancement of value arising from the government\u27s demand for the requisitioned property. Conversely, market value may be just as inadequate where it fails to include all relevant considerations of value

Trial — Nature of Rebuttal Evidence Admissible in Nebraska

Arthur Vanderbilt once stated that the right to a fair trial in both civil and criminal cases is the most fundamental right of all. No matter how just the rules of substantive law may be, the interests of justice might often be thwarted if there were no procedural rules controlling presentation of evidence at trial; and it is with this in mind that certain procedural limitations have been placed upon the introduction of rebuttal evidence. If the plaintiff could withhold certain shreds of evidence or testimony until the last possible moment, the resulting surprise and dramatic effect upon the jury might very easily amount to an advantage for the plaintiff far greater than that merited by the probative value of the evidence so withheld. Since a trial should be an orderly search for truth in aid of administration of justice rather than a battle of wits between counsel, surprise tactics and unfair manipulation of evidence should be guarded against

Eminent Domain — Interest of the Condemnee in Mineral Rights

In 1920 the Oklahoma Legislature passed an act authorizing condemnation of forty acres of land for State Capitol building purposes. Defendant condemnee was paid $80,000 for land condemned pursuant to the Act. Sixteen years later, defendant condemnee executed an oil and gas lease to the defendant Jones. The question of whether the mineral rights passed from the condemnee to the state immediately came of issue. In an action brought by the State to quiet title it was held that the State acquired a full fee title when the land was condemned, so the defendant condemnee retained no· rights in the mineral deposits. Analogous situations present the important problem of whether the interest taken by the condemner is such as to exclude any claim the condemnee might have to mineral rights. An examination of the nature of title acquired in eminent domain proceedings and its effect upon disposition of mineral rights, with particular attention to protection of the condemnee\u27s interests, is the purpose of this note

Trial — Nature of Rebuttal Evidence Admissible in Nebraska

Arthur Vanderbilt once stated that the right to a fair trial in both civil and criminal cases is the most fundamental right of all. No matter how just the rules of substantive law may be, the interests of justice might often be thwarted if there were no procedural rules controlling presentation of evidence at trial; and it is with this in mind that certain procedural limitations have been placed upon the introduction of rebuttal evidence. If the plaintiff could withhold certain shreds of evidence or testimony until the last possible moment, the resulting surprise and dramatic effect upon the jury might very easily amount to an advantage for the plaintiff far greater than that merited by the probative value of the evidence so withheld. Since a trial should be an orderly search for truth in aid of administration of justice rather than a battle of wits between counsel, surprise tactics and unfair manipulation of evidence should be guarded against

Electron scattering states at solid surfaces calculated with realistic potentials

Scattering states with LEED asymptotics are calculated for a general non-muffin tin potential, as e.g. for a pseudopotential with a suitable barrier and image potential part. The latter applies especially to the case of low lying conduction bands. The wave function is described with a reciprocal lattice representation parallel to the surface and a discretization of the real space perpendicular to the surface. The Schroedinger equation leads to a system of linear one-dimensional equations. The asymptotic boundary value problem is confined via the quantum transmitting boundary method to a finite interval. The solutions are obtained basing on a multigrid technique which yields a fast and reliable algorithm. The influence of the boundary conditions, the accuracy and the rate of convergence with several solvers are discussed. The resulting charge densities are investigated.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, copyright and acknowledgment added, typos etc. correcte

Mobile Healthcare Design Research: A Special Issue for Information Systems Researchers

Special Section Editorial - Mobile Decision Support and Analytics for Healthcare: Citizen, Organization, Governmental and Technological Perspective

Dealing with the eurozone debt crisis: A proposal for reform

The Eurozone faces a fourfold challenge: (1) fiscal support: to provide a credible mechanism for supporting countries with high and rapidly rising national debt and high borrowing costs; (2) fiscal responsibility: to ensure that all member states of the Eurozone credibly commit to sustainable levels of national debt; (3) fiscal autonomy: to permit each member state to determine its own fiscal policy; and (4) counter-cyclical fiscal policy: to allow each member state to pursue fiscal stabilization policy, stimulating the economy in a recession and dampening it in a boom. We outline a proposal for meeting these challenges. The paper is organized as follows. First, we summarize the underlying problems. Second, we present the proposal for over-coming these problems. Third, we consider two potentially important extentions of the pro-posal. Fourth, in the context of a simple model, we assess empirically how this proposal could work for the Greek economy. Fifth, we examine the merits of this proposal in relation to other prominent proposals for dealing with the Eurozone crisis. Finally, we conclude by high-lighting the most important implications of the proposal for the Eurozone

Burn wound classification model using spatial frequency-domain imaging and machine learning.

Accurate assessment of burn severity is critical for wound care and the course of treatment. Delays in classification translate to delays in burn management, increasing the risk of scarring and infection. To this end, numerous imaging techniques have been used to examine tissue properties to infer burn severity. Spatial frequency-domain imaging (SFDI) has also been used to characterize burns based on the relationships between histologic observations and changes in tissue properties. Recently, machine learning has been used to classify burns by combining optical features from multispectral or hyperspectral imaging. Rather than employ models of light propagation to deduce tissue optical properties, we investigated the feasibility of using SFDI reflectance data at multiple spatial frequencies, with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, to predict severity in a porcine model of graded burns. Calibrated reflectance images were collected using SFDI at eight wavelengths (471 to 851 nm) and five spatial frequencies (0 to 0.2  mm  -  1). Three models were built from subsets of this initial dataset. The first subset included data taken at all wavelengths with the planar (0  mm  -  1) spatial frequency, the second comprised data at all wavelengths and spatial frequencies, and the third used all collected data at values relative to unburned tissue. These data subsets were used to train and test cubic SVM models, and compared against burn status 28 days after injury. Model accuracy was established through leave-one-out cross-validation testing. The model based on images obtained at all wavelengths and spatial frequencies predicted burn severity at 24 h with 92.5% accuracy. The model composed of all values relative to unburned skin was 94.4% accurate. By comparison, the model that employed only planar illumination was 88.8% accurate. This investigation suggests that the combination of SFDI with machine learning has potential for accurately predicting burn severity