LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA AND INDICATORS OF ASBESTOS EXPOSURE

A case-control study was carried out on 145 male lung-cancer patients diagnosed at autopsy and 178 controls, in order to investigate the relationship between asbestos exposure and the cell type of pulmonary carcinoma. Adenocarcinomas (AD) were individually matched with other cell types and with controls. The relative risk (RR) of developing AD in relation with lung asbestos body (AB) content as the exposure indicator was calculated by using logistic-regression analysis for matched sets. Two cutoff levels, 1,000 and 10,000 asbestos bodies per gram dry weight (AB/gdw), were used in the analysis. In addition, AB counts were treated as a continuous variable (log AB + I). A significant association was found between AD and asbestos exposure, using levers and logarithmic transformation. However, an association of asbestos exposure with cell types other than AD could not be ruled out. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc

The Tourism–Foreign Aid Nexus in Vanuatu: Future Directions

Juxtaposing foreign aid and tourism in the scholarly discourse on tourism in developing countries is rarely attempted. This article examines the independent Pacific island nation of Vanuatu where both tourism and foreign aid are major contributors to development. Interim findings summarising the views of development practitioners are included in this paper. Tourism is the country's key economic sector and is considered well placed to aid Vanuatu's pursuit of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals, and to assist with alleviating poverty and enhancing livelihoods for its indigenous people; the ni-Vanuatu. However, foreign aid interventions in tourism in Vanuatu have largely been reactive, piecemeal and ad hoc. This is chiefly due to significant barriers preventing tourism from being viewed by donors as a legitimate agent for development. Unless the tourism sector can validate its sustainable development credentials it will fail to persuade donors to have a changed perspective, and will remain disconnected to the delivery of foreign aid