31 research outputs found
Model for integrating monetary and fiscal policies to stimulate economic growth and sustainable debt dynamics
This article examines the main integration trends of the state's monetary and fiscal policy in influencing economic growth and maintaining the sustainability of public debt. It is argued that the relationship between these trends of macroeconomic regulation is predetermined, on the one hand, by the potentially negative impact of fiscal expansion from the point of view of inflation, and by the negative impact of a likely state default in failing to refinance the debt from the Ministry of Finance, on the other hand.
The paper studies the selected array of statistical data using the fiscal policy multipliers concept, the relationship between the effect of increase/decrease in budget expenditures, the slowdown in economic activity and the efforts by the Central Bank to offset fiscal measures, on the one hand, and the ratio of an increase/decrease in budget revenues and debt expenditures used to finance the budget investments, on the other hand.
It is revealed that the investments are effective if implementing budget expenditures in the presence of the GDP gap and unrealized expectations of economic agents, while reducing spending in such a situation will intensify the recession. The GDP growth determined by these investments should provide the tax effect sufficient to cover the expenses. Otherwise, there can be negative effects of debt that establishes the need for measures to refinance public debt by the Central Bank.
The conclusions of the paper can be used to assess the possible integration of monetary and fiscal policy based on various states.peer-reviewe
The country's economic growth models and the potential for budgetary, monetary and private financing of gross domestic product growth
This article examines the financing of GDP growth within the framework of catch-up, evolutionary and dynamic models of economic development. Methods/statistical analysis: using the principles of the Solow model and the Cobb-Douglas function, an analysis of the nature of the models has been carried out, considering the processes of capital accumulation, the rate of growth of the workforce, and various aggregate factor productivities. With the help of historical logic and statistical evaluation, examples of countries relating to each of the models examined are reviewed.
Based on the analysis, the main ways of financing economic growth are noted: both the state ones, due to budgetary and monetary policy measures, and private ones. It has been proven that with the transition from catch-up to an evolutionary or dynamic model, the role of the state as a centralizing force is diminishing. At the same time, the specificity of a dynamic model is due to the country's objective ability to be among the technological leaders, which is predetermined by the high values of current GDP, per capita GDP, and population size. Countries with an evolutionary model of development are constrained in their ability to maintain a comparable pace of development only within separate "growth points".
The main result of the work is the assessment of Russia's potential from the viewpoint of one of the models considered, based on a comparative analysis of several capital indicators, as well as a logical analysis of data on the level of GDP and population with other countries. This makes it possible to make recommendations for financing the country's GDP growth in the medium to long term. Scope/Improvements: The findings can be used in the development of Russia's financial and economic strategy up to 2030.peer-reviewe
CORPORATE DEBTS AD CREDIT PERFORMANCE UNDER THE NEW MECHANISM OF REORGANIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN BANKS
Objective: to explore the dynamics and factors of formation of corporate debts, the characteristics of low credit activity of the Russian banks and regulation of liquidity deficit of enterprises under the new reorganization mechanism in the Russian banking sector.Methods: systematic approach to the cognition of economic phenomena, which allows to study them in their dynamic development, taking into account the influence of various environmental factors. The systematic approach determined selection of specific research methods: empirical, logical, comparative and statistical.Results: the article is devoted to the problems of declining credit activity of commercial banks under the conditions of economic activity revival, as well as to assessing the impact of the new reorganization mechanism on this process. It is shown that in the recent years the non-financial sector faces the trend of optimizing the corporate debts and the liquidity deficit, which reduced the demand for loans and, as a consequence, decreased the banks’ credit activity.To analyze the dynamics of deficit/surplus of liquidity in the corporate sector, a new classification of liquidity deficit/surplus levels was introduced. Based on the proposed classification, the risk factors were identified that influenced the dynamics of indebtedness in the corporate sector.The article also analyses the modern monetary mechanism of money supply in the economy and its transformation. It was determined that the main limitation of credit issuance by commercial banks is their capital, not the reserve multiplier. The new mechanism of credit institutions’ financial recovery and its impact on the banks’ credit activity was estimated. The conditions of liquidity deficiency reduction in the Russian companies were analyzed in the medium term.Scientific novelty: for the first time, on the basis of system analysis methods, the growth factors of the corporate debt load were identified, the peculiarities of low credit activity in the banking sector were investigated, as well as and the possibility to regulate the liquidity of Russian enterprises under the conditions of a new mechanism of the Russian banks’ reorganization. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used to modernize and clarify the target mandates, instruments, channels and mechanisms of the Bank of Russia monetary policy, which enable to increase the Russian banks’ credit activity and to reduce the corporate debts of enterprises to the maximum permissible level
Suppression of surface barrier in superconductors by columnar defects
We investigate the influence of columnar defects in layered superconductors
on the thermally activated penetration of pancake vortices through the surface
barrier. Columnar defects, located near the surface, facilitate penetration of
vortices through the surface barrier, by creating ``weak spots'', through which
pancakes can penetrate into the superconductor. Penetration of a pancake
mediated by an isolated column, located near the surface, is a two-stage
process involving hopping from the surface to the column and the detachment
from the column into the bulk; each stage is controlled by its own activation
barrier. The resulting effective energy is equal to the maximum of those two
barriers. For a given external field there exists an optimum location of the
column for which the barriers for the both processes are equal and the
reduction of the effective penetration barrier is maximal. At high fields the
effective penetration field is approximately two times smaller than in
unirradiated samples. We also estimate the suppression of the effective
penetration field by column clusters. This mechanism provides further reduction
of the penetration field at low temperatures.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Effects of Magnetic Order on the Upper Critical Field of UPt
I present a Ginzburg-Landau theory for hexagonal oscillations of the upper
critical field of UPt near . The model is based on a
representation for the superconducting order parameter,
, coupled to an in-plane AFM order parameter,
. Hexagonal anisotropy of arises from the weak in-plane
anisotropy energy of the AFM state and the coupling of the superconducting
order parameter to the staggered field. The model explains the important
features of the observed hexagonal anisotropy [N. Keller, {\it et al.}, Phys.
Rev. Lett. {\bf 73}, 2364 (1994).] including: (i) the small magnitude, (ii)
persistence of the oscillations for , and (iii) the change in
sign of the oscillations for and (the temperature at the
tetracritical point). I also show that there is a low-field crossover
(observable only very near ) below which the oscillations should vanish.Comment: 9 pages in a RevTex (3.0) file plus 2 postscript figures (uuencoded).
Submitted to Physical Review B (December 20, 1994)
Metals in high magnetic field: a new universality class of Fermi liquids
Parquet equations, describing the competition between superconducting and
density-wave instabilities, are solved for a three-dimensional isotropic metal
in a high magnetic field when only the lowest Landau level is filled. In the
case of a repulsive interaction between electrons, a phase transition to the
density-wave state is found at finite temperature. In the opposite case of
attractive interaction, no phase transition is found. With decreasing
temperature , the effective vertex of interaction between electrons
renormalizes toward a one-dimensional limit in a self-similar way with the
characteristic length (transverse to the magnetic field) decreasing as
( is a cutoff). Correlation functions have
new forms, previously unknown for conventional one-dimensional or
three-dimensional Fermi-liquids.Comment: 13 pages + 4 figures (included
Collective pinning of a frozen vortex liquid in ultrathin superconducting YBa_2Cu_3O_7 films
The linear dynamic response of the two-dimensional (2D) vortex medium in
ultrathin YBa_2Cu_3O_7 films was studied by measuring their ac sheet impedance
Z over a broad range of frequencies \omega. With decreasing temperature the
dissipative component of Z exhibits, at a temperature T*(\omega) well above the
melting temperature of a 2D vortex crystal, a crossover from a thermally
activated regime involving single vortices to a regime where the response has
features consistent with a description in terms of a collectively pinned vortex
manifold. This suggests the idea of a vortex liquid which, below T*(\omega),
appears to be frozen at the time scales 1/\omega of the experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Electric field dependence of pairing temperature and tunneling
Using the Bethe-Salpeter equation including high electric fields, the
dependence of the critical temperature of onsetting superconductivity on the
applied field is calculated analytically. The critical temperature of pairing
is shown to increase with the applied field strength. This is a new field
effect and could contribute to the explanation of recent experiments on field
induced superconductivity. From the field dependence of the Bethe-Salpeter
equation, the two--particle bound state solution is obtained as a resonance
with a tunneling probability analogous to the WKB solution of a single particle
confined in a potential and coupled to the electrical field.Comment: 4 pages 1 figure, revised version from 29.10.02, Rev. B in pres
Meissner-London currents in superconductors with rectangular cross section
Exact analytic solutions are presented for the magnetic moment and screening
currents in the Meissner state of superconductor strips with rectangular cross
section in a perpendicular magnetic field and/or with transport current. The
extension to finite London penetration is achieved by an elegant numerical
method which works also for disks. The surface current in the specimen corners
diverges as l^(-1/3) where l is the distance from the corner. This enhancement
reduces the barrier for vortex penetration and should increase the nonlinear
Meissner effect in d-wave superconductors
Possible new vortex matter phases in BSCCO
The vortex matter phase diagram of BSCCO crystals is analyzed by
investigating vortex penetration through the surface barrier in the presence of
a transport current. The strength of the effective surface barrier, its
nonlinearity, and asymmetry are used to identify a possible new ordered phase
above the first-order transition. This technique also allows sensitive
determination of the depinning temperature. The solid phase below the
first-order transition is apparently subdivided into two phases by a vertical
line extending from the multicritical point.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in PR