The Influence of Director Human Social Capital and Firms' Entrepreneurial Orientation on Corporate Entrepreneurship

Title from PDF of title page viewed March 1, 2017Dissertation advisor: Jeffrey S. HornsbyThesis (Ph.D.)--Henry W. Bloch School of Management. University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2016VitaIncludes bibliographical references (pages 75-85)This dissertation explores the link between corporate governance and corporate entrepreneurship. Surprisingly, our understanding of how boards of directors influence corporate entrepreneurship decisions and actions has been limited to date. To address this gap, the current study develops a resource dependence theoretical framework to investigate how corporations leverage directors’ experience and networks to enhance organizational rejuvenation efforts. Entrepreneurial orientation also is examined as a contextual factor in the director capital-corporate entrepreneurship relationship. After collecting an original dataset of 2,289 firm-year observations from 524 U.S. corporations and creating a new measure of organizational rejuvenation, I implemented a hybrid methodological approach to simultaneously test the within- and between-firm influences of the variables of interest. The analytical results demonstrate surprising reverse effects of director human capital, social capital, and the contextual influence of entrepreneurial orientation on firms’ corporate entrepreneurship initiatives. These findings support prior theoretical arguments that directors serve a dual role: not only monitoring and controlling firm decisions but also serving an important advice and counsel function.Introduction -- Theoretical development - Research method -- Analysis and results -- Discussion and conclusio

Effectuation as Ineffectual? Applying the 3E Theory-Assessment Framework to a Proposed New Theory of Entrepreneurship

Effectuation is a proposed new theory of entrepreneurship, with insufficient empirical testing and critical analysis. Drawing on a new, comprehensive set of theory-building criteria—sourced from and complementing those of Robert Dubin and others—we provide the first formal assessment of effectuation as a theory. We highlight its strengths and weaknesses, leveraging the former to address the latter in five different directions that would build on the existing work to improve this theory. The assessment exercise also displays the value of our assessment framework in guiding the evaluation and development of other existing and future theories in entrepreneurship and management

Effectuation, Not Being Pragmatic or Process Theorizing, Remains Ineffectual: Responding to the Commentaries

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the provocative Dialogue pieces of Read, Sarasvathy, Dew, and Wiltbank (2016; henceforth, “RSDW”); Reuber, Fischer, and Coviello (2016; henceforth, “RFC”); Gupta, Chiles, and McMullen (2016; henceforth, “GCM”); and Garud and Gehman (2016; henceforth, “GG”), each of which makes several claims in defense of effectuation, as well as describes several ways forward in entrepreneurship- and process-related theorizing. We respond in a manner consistent with the traditional perspective in management theorizing that “good theory is practical” (Lewin, 1945), where “theory is theory” (Simon, 1967; Van de Ven, 1989) based on our discipline’s collective commitment to knowledge production (Suddaby, 2014). In fact, we respond in the tradition of scientific theory—its building, its critique, and its defense. Leveraging the logic behind that tradition, we thus refute every point contained in RSDW’s, RFC’s, GCM’s, and GG’s commentaries and attempt to build on what is common to all theory while celebrating what is valuable in the diversity of theorizing (i.e., in the ways we produce theory)

Quantitative microvascular analysis of retinal venous occlusions by spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography.

PURPOSE:To quantitatively evaluate the retinal microvasculature in human subjects with retinal venous occlusions (RVO) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). DESIGN:Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS:Sixty subjects (84 eyes) were included (20 BRVO, 14 CRVO, 24 unaffected fellow eyes, and 26 controls). METHODS:OCTA was performed on a prototype, spectral domain-OCTA system in the 3x3mm central macular region. Custom software was used to quantify morphology and density of retinal capillaries using four quantitative parameters. The vasculature of the segmented retinal layers and nonsegmented whole retina were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Fractal dimension (FD), vessel density (VD), skeletal density (SD), and vessel diameter index (VDI) within the segmented retinal layers and nonsegmented whole retina vasculature. RESULTS:Nonsegmented analysis of RVO eyes demonstrated significantly lower FD (1.64±0.01 vs 1.715±0.002; p<0.001), VD (0.32±0.01 vs 0.432±0.002; p<0.001), and SD (0.073±0.004 vs 0.099±0.001; p<0.001) compared to controls. Compared to the fellow eye, FD, VD and SD were lower (p<0.001), and VDI was higher (p<0.001). FD, VD, and SD progressively decreased as the extent (or type) of RVO increased (control vs BRVO vs CRVO; p<0.001). In the unaffected fellow eye FD, VD and SD showed significant differences when compared to control eyes or affected RVO eyes (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Quantitative OCTA of the central 3x3mm macular region demonstrates significant differences in capillary density and morphology among subjects with BRVO and CRVO compared to controls or unaffected fellow eyes in all vascular layers. The unaffected fellow eyes also demonstrate significant differences when compared to controls. OCTA allows for noninvasive, layer-specific, quantitative evaluation of RVO-associated microvascular changes

Magnitude and direction of change in quantitative OCTA parameters among all study subjects using nonsegmented layer analysis.

<p>Linear regression slope coefficient (β) indicating magnitude and direction of parameter difference, and corresponding confidence intervals. Abbreviations: RVO, retinal venous occlusion, OE, other (unaffected fellow) eye; CRVO, central retinal venous.</p

Representative OCTA images of fellow healthy eye and BRVO eye illustrating qualitative changes in capillary density and morphology.

<p>(A) B-scan with purple dotted lines delineating the retinal vascular layers of interest in the healthy fellow eye of an RVO subject: Nonsegmented whole retina, NS-RL (a-d); Superficial retina layer, SRL (a-b); Deeper retina layer, DRL (b-c). Corresponding pseudocolored, depth-encoded OCTA map (B), binarized image (C), and skeletonized image (D) of the unaffected eye. (E-H) Corresponding images of the RVO eye, NS-RL analysis.</p

Comparison of quantitative OCTA parameters between RVO eyes and control eyes for nonsegmented layer analysis.

<p>Row (A) bar charts illustrate the mean±SD of the quantitative OCTA parameters (Fractal Dimension, Vessel Density, Skeletal Density and Vessel Diameter Index) for eyes with retinal venous occlusion (RVO), the unaffected fellow eye (OE), and control eyes. Row (B) illustrates the same quantitative parameters for central (CRVO) and branch RVO (BRVO) compared to controls. Row (C) illustrates similarly for RVO eyes with and without macular edema. Multivariable linear regressions were performed and the GEE approach was used to control for age, gender, and between-eye correlation when appropriate. The asterisk(s) above the horizontal line indicates that the specified groups were statistically different. All other asterisks compare specified groups to controls. One asterisk, p<0.05; two asterisks, p<0.01; three asterisks, p<0.001.</p

Comparison of quantitative OCTA parameters of BRVO and CRVO eyes compared to controls.

<p>Comparison of quantitative OCTA parameters of BRVO and CRVO eyes compared to controls.</p