1,542 research outputs found
The orientation morphism: from graph cocycles to deformations of Poisson structures
We recall the construction of the Kontsevich graph orientation morphism
which maps cocycles in the
non-oriented graph complex to infinitesimal symmetries of Poisson bi-vectors on affine manifolds.
We reveal in particular why there always exists a factorization of the Poisson
cocycle condition through the differential consequences of the Jacobi identity
for Poisson bi-vectors . To
illustrate the reasoning, we use the Kontsevich tetrahedral flow
, as well as the
flow produced from the Kontsevich--Willwacher pentagon-wheel cocycle
and the new flow obtained from the heptagon-wheel cocycle in the
unoriented graph complex.Comment: 12 pages. Talk given by R.B. at Group32 (Jul 9--13, 2018; CVUT
Prague, Czech Republic). Big formula in Appendix A retained from the
(unpublished) Appendix in arXiv:1712.05259 [math-ph]. Signs corrected in v
On the Kontsevich -product associativity mechanism
The deformation quantization by Kontsevich [arXiv:q-alg/9709040] is a way to
construct an associative noncommutative star-product $\star=\times+\hbar \{\ ,\
\}_{P}+\bar{o}(\hbar)\hbar\times\{\ ,\ \}_{P}\neq0\hbar\star\hbar^{k\geq0}k+2k>0\stark\{\ ,\ \}_{P}\bar{o}(\hbar^3)\{\ ,\ \}_{P}\star$.
Key words: Deformation quantization, associative algebra, Poisson bracket,
graph complex, star-product
PACS: 02.40.Sf, 02.10.Ox, 02.40.Gh, also 04.60.-mComment: Proc. Internaional workshop SQS'15 on Supersymmetry and Quantum
Symmetries (3-8 August 2015, JINR Dubna, Russia), 4 page
The heptagon-wheel cocycle in the Kontsevich graph complex
The real vector space of non-oriented graphs is known to carry a differential
graded Lie algebra structure. Cocycles in the Kontsevich graph complex,
expressed using formal sums of graphs on vertices and edges, induce
-- under the orientation mapping -- infinitesimal symmetries of classical
Poisson structures on arbitrary finite-dimensional affine real manifolds.
Willwacher has stated the existence of a nontrivial cocycle that contains the
-wheel graph with a nonzero coefficient at every
. We present detailed calculations of the differential of
graphs; for the tetrahedron and pentagon-wheel cocycles, consisting at and of one and two graphs respectively, the cocycle condition
is verified by hand. For the next, heptagon-wheel cocycle
(known to exist at ), we provide an explicit representative: it
consists of 46 graphs on 8 vertices and 14 edges.Comment: Special Issue JNMP 2017 `Local and nonlocal symmetries in
Mathematical Physics'; 17 journal-style pages, 54 figures, 3 tables; v2
accepte
Poisson brackets symmetry from the pentagon-wheel cocycle in the graph complex
Kontsevich designed a scheme to generate infinitesimal symmetries
of Poisson brackets
on all affine manifolds ; every such deformation is encoded
by oriented graphs on vertices and edges. In particular, these
symmetries can be obtained by orienting sums of non-oriented graphs on
vertices and edges. The bi-vector flow preserves the space of Poisson structures if
is a cocycle with respect to the vertex-expanding differential in the
graph complex.
A class of such cocycles is known to exist:
marked by , each of them contains a -gon wheel
with a nonzero coefficient. At the tetrahedron
itself is a cocycle; at the Kontsevich--Willwacher pentagon-wheel
cocycle consists of two graphs. We reconstruct the
symmetry and verify that
is a Poisson cocycle indeed:
via
.Comment: Int. workshop "Supersymmetries and quantum symmetries -- SQS'17"
(July 31 -- August 5, 2017 at JINR Dubna, Russia), 4+v pages, 2 figures, 1
tabl
Infinitesimal deformations of Poisson bi-vectors using the Kontsevich graph calculus
Let be a Poisson structure on a finite-dimensional affine real manifold.
Can be deformed in such a way that it stays Poisson? The language of
Kontsevich graphs provides a universal approach -- with respect to all affine
Poisson manifolds -- to finding a class of solutions to this deformation
problem. For that reasoning, several types of graphs are needed. In this paper
we outline the algorithms to generate those graphs. The graphs that encode
deformations are classified by the number of internal vertices ; for we present all solutions of the deformation problem. For , first reproducing the pentagon-wheel picture suggested at
by Kontsevich and Willwacher, we construct the heptagon-wheel cocycle that
yields a new unique solution without -loops and tadpoles at .Comment: International conference ISQS'25 on integrable systems and quantum
symmetries (6-10 June 2017 in CVUT Prague, Czech Republic). Introductory
paragraph I.1 follows p.3 in arXiv:1710.00658 [math.CO]; 13 pages, 3 figures,
2 table
Migraine, headache, and mortality in women: a cohort study
Background: Migraine carries a high global burden, disproportionately affects women, and has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Migraine with aura has been consistently associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. However, published evidence on relationships between migraine or non-migraine headache and all-cause mortality is inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the effect of non-migraine headache and migraine as well as migraine subtypes on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in women.
Methods: In total, 27,844 Women’s Health Study participants, aged 45 years or older at baseline, were followed up for a median of 22.7 years. We included participants who provided information on migraine (past history, migraine without aura, or migraine with aura) or headache status and a blood sample at study start. An endpoints committee of physicians evaluated reports of incident deaths and used medical records to confirm deaths due to cardiovascular, cancer, or female-specific cancer causes. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the effect of migraine or headache status on both all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Results: Compared to individuals without any headache, no differences in all-cause mortality for individuals suffering from non-migraine headache or any migraine were observed after adjustment for confounding (HR = 1.01, 95%CI, 0.93–1.10 and HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.89–1.04). No differences were observed for the migraine subtypes and all-cause death. Women having the migraine with aura subtype had a higher mortality due to cardiovascular disease (adjusted HR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.06–2.54). As an explanation for the lack of overall association with all-cause mortality, we observed slightly protective signals for any cancer and female-specific cancers in this group.
Conclusions: In this large prospective study of women, we found no association between non-migraine headache or migraine and all-cause mortality. Women suffering from migraine with aura had an increased risk of cardiovascular death. Future studies should investigate the reasons for the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and evaluate whether changes in migraine patterns across the life course have differential effects on mortality
Formality morphism as the mechanism of -product associativity:how it works
The formality morphism ,
in Kontsevich's deformation quantization is a collection of
maps from tensor powers of the differential graded Lie algebra (dgLa) of
multivector fields to the dgLa of polydifferential operators on
finite-dimensional affine manifolds. Not a Lie algebra morphism by its term
alone, the entire set is an
-morphism instead. It induces a map of the Maurer-Cartan elements,
taking Poisson bi-vectors to deformations of
the usual multiplication of functions into associative noncommutative
-products of power series in . The associativity of
-products is then realized, in terms of the Kontsevich graphs which
encode polydifferential operators, by differential consequences of the Jacobi
identity. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the work of this algebraic
mechanism for the Kontsevich -products (in particular, with harmonic
propagators). We inspect how the Kontsevich weights are correlated for the
orgraphs which occur in the associator for and in its expansion using
Leibniz graphs with the Jacobi identity at a vertex.Comment: Symmetries & integrability of equations of mathematical physics
(22-24 December 2018, IM NASU Kiev, Ukraine), 16 page
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