Створення спеціального товарного рибного господарства на чорноморських ставках Одеської області

Pond fisheries are one of the promising areas of fisheries in Ukraine and the world. The vast resources of the inland waters of our country are a reliable source of valuable fishery products. However, the potential of this source is not fully exhausted. Therefore, a significant increase in the production of commercial fish can be achieved as a result of the construction of new commercial fisheries and factories, whose task is to recreate fish stocks. One of the leading places among all kinds of outdoor activities is sports and amateur fishing. Capture fishing has become a permanent fixture for hundreds of millions of people around the world. It is estimated that in Ukraine sport and recreational fisheries cover about 10 % of the population. The purpose of the work was to find out the current state of fish productivity of the Black Sea ponds of Odesa region for the creation of specialized fisheries. The fish productivity of the Black Sea ponds, the forage base and the ichthyofauna were investigated, the most valuable representatives of the ichthyofauna for amateur fisheries in these reservoirs were identified, the recommendations on the creation of a special cultural fishery on the Black Sea ponds were provided. It is established that the feed base in the Black Sea ponds for fish young is quite rich and varied. The current state of development of the forage base indicates the possibility of successful fishing activities and in particular the development of recreational fisheries. In case of intensification of economic activity there is a need to carry out a certain complex of fish-and-melioration works. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that the Black Sea ponds should be used for the creation of cultural fisheries for the purpose of organizing amateur fisheries, and the formation of ichthyocenosis should be carried out by purposeful fishing of valuable fish species suitable as objects of amateur and sport fisheries. Creating appropriate conditions for amateur fisheries as a popular way of recreational recreation of a large part of the population of Ukraine involves solving a number of biological, environmental and legal issues related to the reproduction and acclimatization of fish, the organization of sports and recreational fisheries, taking into account the characteristics of reservoirs, the impact of ecological and climatic conditions fisheries, etc.Ставове рибництво є одним з перспективних напрямків рибного господарства України та світу. Величезні ресурси внутрішніх водойм нашої країни є надійним джерелом цінної рибної продукції. Втім потенціал цього джерела вичерпаний не повністю. Тому значного приросту виробництва товарної риби можна досягнути в результаті будівництва нових товарних рибних господарств і заводів, завданням яких є відтворення рибних запасів. Одне з провідних місць серед всіх видів активного відпочинку на природі посідає спортивне і любительське рибальство. Рибна ловля із захоплення одиниць перетворилася на постійне заняття сотень мільйонів людей в усьому світі. Вважається, що в Україні спортивне і любительське рибальство охоплює близько 10 % населення. Мета роботи полягала у з’ясуванні сучасного стану рибопродуктивності Чорноморських ставків Одеської області для створення спеціалізованого рибного господарства. Досліджувалась рибопродуктивність Чорноморських ставків, кормова база та іхтіофауна, виявлені найбільш цінні представники іхтіофауни для любительського рибальства в цих водоймах, надані рекомендації щодо створення спеціального культурного рибного господарства на Чорноморських ставках. Встановлено, що кормова база в Чорноморських ставках для молоді риб досить багата і різноманітна. Сучасний стан розвитку кормової бази свідчить про можливість успішного ведення рибогосподарської діяльності і зокрема розвитку любительського рибальства. У разі інтенсифікації господарської діяльності виникне необхідність проведення певного комплексу рибоводно-меліоративних робіт. В результаті проведених досліджень встановлено, що Чорноморські ставки доцільно використовувати для створення культурного рибного господарства з метою організації любительського рибальства, а формування іхтіоценозу здійснювати шляхом цілеспрямованого зарибнення ставка цінними видами риб, придатними як об’єкти любительського і спортивного рибальства. Створення відповідних умов аматорського рибальства як популярного способу рекреаційного відпочинку значної частини населення України передбачає вирішення низки біологічних, екологічних і правових питань, пов’язаних з відтворенням та акліматизацією риби, організацією спортивного і любительського рибальства з урахуванням характеристики водойм, впливу еколого-кліматичних умов, об’єктів рибальства тощо

Modern state of fish and fishery products export in Ukraine

For every country in the world trade plays an important role in the fishing industry as an employment center, a food supplier, a source of income, a contribution to economic growth and development, as well as it provides food security and nutrition. In fisheries the fierce competition not only for resources but also for markets is not weakening. Leading fishing states are implementing the strategies aimed at ensuring the excellence in both domestic and foreign markets. The purpose of the work was to find out a current state of the fish and fish products export in Ukraine. Based on the specialized literature a current state of the fish and fish products export in Ukraine has been evaluated. A state of the fish and fish products export in Ukraine from 2015 to 2019 was analyzed; the main consumer countries of Ukrainian fish and fish products were identified; the structure of Ukrainian fish and fish products export was analyzed and the ways to increase the export of Ukrainian fish products in the main fish markets of the World were determined. Nowadays Ukraine has excellent resources for growing and catching fish and is gradually gaining the fish markets of many countries around the world. To develop the fishing industry the state constantly allocates the funds that are to support the industrial species of aquatic bio-resources, especially herbivorous fish, which do not breed naturally in Ukraine, to update the material and technical base for genetic research and cryopreservation work, etc. It was established that in recent years there is a tendency to increase the export of fish and fishery products of Ukraine in the markets of different countries of the World. In 2015 this figure was 6.4 thousand tons of fish and fishery products, and in 2019 it reached 7.6 thousand tons. The main countries that buy Ukrainian fish are: Moldova, Denmark, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Germany. The main export is processed fish products: crab sticks, canned sardines, coleslaw, while sprats or sprats, frozen cod, salmon and other fish

Regulation of fish resources rational using on the territory of the NNP “BUG GARD”

Today on the territory of Ukraine there are 40 national nature parks which include the NNP “Bug Gard”. One of the main tasks of the NNP is to preserve the valuable natural objects and to develop the scientific recommendations for protecting the environment and using the natural resources efficiently. Modern poaching, with its mass, technical armament, impunity and constant rapid growth, poses a serious threat to the national security of Ukraine. Significant damage to fishing and fish farming on the territory of the NNP “Bug Gard” is caused by the actions of poachers. During the functioning of the NNP “Bug Gard” the State Protection Service constantly conducts inspections and patrols the territory of the park to identify and to stop violations of the environmental legislation. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the fish protection measures carrying out in the Bug National Nature Park by the State Protection Service has been assessed. Annually the State Protection Service of the NNP “Bug Gard” conducts on average of 120 activities to identify environmental offenses, practices the explanatory talks, on average, 600 conversations per year, which are aimed at clarifying the environmental legislation in the field of fauna and flora protection, as well as it constantly informs the public through the media about the individual cases of poaching in order to further preventing the environmental offenses. Annually, an average of 1.000 leaflets with the fire safety rules on the territory of the NNP and with the environmental issues were produced and distributed among the population and the visitors of the park. It is established that, according to the analysis, the State Protection Service of the NNP “Bug Gard” carries out the effective measures in the field of fish resources conserving and rational using in the area of its responsibility, carries out a widespread waste water pollution control in the water bodies, creates the conditions for normal fish reproduction and keeps a track of environmental and fishing offenses, which not only preserves the flora and fauna, but also compensates the damage caused by the actions of poachers and other violators

Change of Spatial Distribution in the Ichiotocenosis of the Shabolat Estuary in the Process of Its Anthropogenic Transformation

Consequences of Shabolat estuary natural ecosystems transformation under the influence of anthropogenic factors are reflected in the composition of ichthyocenosis, changes in the basic population characteristics of the most mass species.The purpose of the work was to find out the spatial distribution of the Shabolat estuary most massive representatives of the ichthyocenosis in terms of its anthropogenic transformation.Material and methods. The material for the study was selected from industrial fishing gear in the spring, summer and autumn periods of 2009-2012. A complete biological analysis of fish (goby round, goby grass, flounder, flounder, mullet pilengas, etc.) was carried out according to the conventional method.Result. The regularities of formation of ichthyocenosis largest masses populations were studied depending on: water salinity, connection with adjacent water areas, fish acclimatization and introduction, anthropogenic loading and peculiarities of spatial distribution of ichthyocenosis largest masses populations in aquatics.The most important Shabolat estuary ichthyocomplex components include representatives of the Gobiidae family, the Platichthys luscus population and the mullet family representatives.Of particular interest to the members of the goby family are the mass species of gobies: the round goby Neogobius melanostomus and the grass goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, which are able to hibernate and reproduce in the estuary. This is an important link in the food chains of the reservoir. By entering into competition with other representatives of ichthyocenosis, they significantly affect the state of the forage base and production capacity of the estuary.Representatives of the mullet family and gloss flounder are distributed in the estuary deep water areas and in areas with maximum salinity.Conclusions. It has been established, that in the conditions of anthropogenic transformation of the estuary, in the last 35-40 years, the round goby and grass goby numbers and distribution range have decreased. In bulk, they have survived only in reservoir small, local areas, due to the deterioration of reproduction conditions and the degradation of the zoster and reddest associations. The main reasons for the decline in the size and distribution range of gobies in the Shabolatsky estuary was their mass death as a result of a large-scale environmental catastrophe and reproduction conditions deterioration. The reason for the significant decrease in the flounder and mullet number and distribution range was the mass death in 1992, as well as changes in the salinity of the Shabolat estuar

Evaluation of the state of industrial water bioresources in fish areas of Ukraine

Agriculture, fisheries, and the food industry play a key role in ensuring the country's food security. The modern fishing industry in Ukraine is a highly industrial, capital-intensive, integrated production with high production costs, which is designed to ensure the socio-economic development of many coastal regions and provide the population with valuable protein products necessary for healthy eating. The total volume of extracted aquatic organisms in III and IV zones of aquaculture of Ukraine was studied; dynamics of catches of aquatic organisms by regions and fishery zones on the territory of Ukraine; the structure of fishing by regions in the inland waters of Ukraine is analyzed; the leading representatives of catches in inland waters of Ukraine by regions were identified. Considering the dynamics of catches of aquatic organisms in inland waters from 2005 to 2020, it was found that production decreased significantly in almost all Ukraine regions and some regions decreased to almost zero. Studies have shown that the total production of aquatic bioresources in 2005 amounted to 42.364 tons, in 2010 – 37.615 tons, in 2015 – 35.985 tons, in 2020 – 22.267 tons. In all periods, leaders among the production in inland waters are Odesa and Cherkasy regions. Comparing the data for 2005 and 2020, it can be seen that catches have almost halved. It is established that, according to the analysis, the main representatives of the caught ichthyofauna are: grass carp, carp, crucian, bream, silver carp, ram, pike perch, pike, perch, catfish. The structure of catches for the whole period remains almost unchanged. The largest catches (2019) are: carp – 1704 tons; silver carp – 675 tons Sumy region; crucian carp – 398.8 tons; ram (flat) – 364.5 tons Kyiv region. The main species found in the catches of other regions are – the Volyn region – carp (237 tons), Zhytomyr region – silver carp (300 t), Lviv region – carp (499 tons), Rivne region – carp (134 tons), Ternopil region – carp (342.4 tons), Khmelnytsky region – carp (279.2 tons), Chernihiv region. – carp (352.8 t). Pike, grass carp, and catfish were the least caught in the whole territory of Ukraine. It should be noted that several factors that affect fish stocks of inland waters, and consequently catches, most often consider the impact of environmental factors, destruction and inefficiency of spawning grounds, age and sex structure of populations, poaching, etc