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Protective Effect of Curcumin on Liver Damage Induced by Biliary Obstruction in Rats

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible protective effects of curcumin against cholestatic oxidative stress and liver damage in common bile duct ligated rats. Material and Methods: A total of 18 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, common bile duct ligation (BDL) and BDL+curcumin. Each group contained 6 animals. The rats in the curcumin treated group were given curcumin (100 mg/kg) once a day orally for 14 days, starting 3 days prior to BDL operation. Following 14 days of treatment, all the animals were decapitated and liver tissue samples were obtained for histopathological investigation. Results: The changes demonstrating the bile duct proliferation and fibrosis in expanded portal tracts, including the extension of proliferated bile ducts into lobules, mononuclear cells, and neutrophil infiltration into the widened portal areas, were observed in BDL group. Treatment of BDL with curcumin attenuated liver damage. Both the elevated alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and the activity of TUNEL in the BDL were observed to be reduced with the curcumin treatment. Conclusion: Our data indicate that curcumin reduced BDL-induced cholestatic liver injury, bile duct proliferation, fibrosis

A life-threatening problem occurring in the canalis inguinalis in children: Incarcerated hernia

Amaç: Çocuklarda görülen en sık cerrahi hastalık kasık fıtıklarıdır ve %5-18 oranında boğulma riski taşır. Bu çalışmada bebek ve çocuklarda görülen boğulmuş kasık fıtığının klinik özellikleri incelendi. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Ocak 1994-Haziran 2006 döneminde boğulmuş kasık fıtığı nedeniyle takip ve tedavi edilen 33 çocuk olgunun (30 erkek, 3 kız; ort. yaş 2; dağılım 20 gün-6 yaş) kayıtları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Kasıkta şişlik (n=33), kusma (n=19) ve skrotumda krepitasyon (n=10) en sık görülen semptomlardı. Olgulardan 26'sında elle geri itme girişimi başarılı oldu ancak yedi olguda acil cerrahi girişim yapılması gerekti. Fıtık kesesinde en çok sıkışan organ ince bağırsaklardı (n=22). Olgulardan üçünde testis iskemisi, ikisinde ince bağırsak, birinde ise kalın bağırsak iskemisi gelişmişti. Boğulmuş kasık fıtığı nedeniyle iki hasta (%6.0) kaybedildi. Sonuç: Bölgemizde boğulmuş kasık fıtığı olgularının hastaneye getirilmesinin geciktirildiği düşüncesindeyiz. Çocuklarda kasık fıtığı görüldüğünde mümkün olan en kısa zamanda ameliyat edilmelidir. Böylece boğulmuş kasık fıtığının yol açtığı yaşamsal sorunlar ortadan kaldırılmış olacaktır.Objectives: Inguinal hernia is the most common surgical disorder in childhood and is associated with 5-18 % incarceration risk. The clinical features of incarcerated inguinal hernia in infants and children were assessed. Patients and Methods: The medical records of 33 pediatric cases (30 males, 3 females; mean age 2 years; range 20 days-6 years) treated and followed up in our hospital for incarcerated inguinal hernia in the period of January 1994 and June 2006 were retrospectivelye evaluated. Results: The most frequent symptoms were inguinal lump (n=33), vomiting (n=19) and crepitation of the scrotum (n=10). Manual reduction of hernia was successful in 26 cases and 7 of them underwent emergency hernia repair. Small bowel was the most frequent incarcerated organ (n=22). Testicular ischemia developed in 3 patients, partial small bowel ischemia in 2, and colon ischemia in one patient. Two patients (6%) died due to incarcerated inguinal hernia. Conclusion: We think that in our region, cases of incarcerated inguinal hernia are admitted to the hospital with delay. The children with inguinal hernia should be operated as soon as possible. Life-threatening complications of incarcerated inguinal hernia may thus be prevented

Desferrioxamine Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Lung Contusion

Our hypothesis in this study is that desferrioxamine (DFX) has therapeutic effects on experimental lung contusions in rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n=8): control, control+DFX, contusion, and contusion+DFX. In the control+DFX and contusion+DFX groups, 100 mg/kg DFX was given intraperitoneally once a day just after the contusion and the day after the contusion. Contusions led to a meaningful rise in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in lung tissue. MDA levels in the contusion+DFX group experienced a significant decline. Glutathione levels were significantly lower in the contusion group than in the control group and significantly higher in the contusion+DFX group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the contusion group were significantly lower than those in the control group. In the contusion+DFX group, SOD and GPx levels were significantly higher than those in the contusion group. In light microscopic evaluation, the contusion and contusion+DFX groups showed edema, hemorrhage, alveolar destruction, and leukocyte infiltration. However, histological scoring of the contusion+DFX group was significantly more positive than that of the contusion group. The iNOS staining in the contusion group was significantly more intensive than that in all other groups. DFX reduced iNOS staining significantly in comparison to the contusion group. This study showed that DFX reduced oxidative stress in lung contusions in rats and histopathologically ensured the recovery of the lung tissue

A novel approach for preventing esophageal stricture formation: olmesartan prevented apoptosis

Accidentally ingested corrosive substances can cause functional and structural damage to the esophageal tissue resulting in stricture formation. It has been reported that the administration of olmesartan (OLM) can have anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and antiapoptotic effects on injured tissue. The aim of our study was to check if OLM could prevent formation of scars in the corrosive esophageal burn model. Fifty-one Wistar Albino rats were divided into six groups: Control, Sham, OLM, Sham + OLM, Burn, and Burn + OLM. Olmesartan (5 mg/kg) was given by gavage once per day for 21 consecutive days after injury. The morphology of the esophagus was assessed after Masson trichrome staining, and apoptosis was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferased UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The serum nucleosomes (as an indicator of apoptosis), serum p53 protein, and esophageal tissue p53 protein levels of each group were measured by immunoassays. Muscularis mucosa damage, submucosal collagen deposition, and tunica muscularis injury in the Burn + OLM group decreased significantly compared with the Burn group (p < 0.05). Similarly, the number of apoptotic cells in the Burn + OLM group decreased compared with the Burn group (p < 0.05). Serum levels of nucleosomes and p53 and tissue of p53 protein did not differ between the groups. Exogenously administered OLM can effectively prevent the occurrence of esophageal strictures caused by corrosive esophageal burns. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2014, Vol. 52, No. 1, 29–35

Webbed Penis Associated with Urethral Duplication: A Case Report

Urethral duplication and webbed penis are rare congenital anomalies. Urethral duplication associated with webbed penis has not previously been reported in the literature. We describe a case of incomplete urethral duplication with webbed penis in an infant and discuss the clinical and radiological findings and treatment of this association

Investigation of Bosentan's Effects on Pulmonary Contusion Created by Blunt Thoracic Trauma in Rats

Introduction Bosentan is an endothelin-1 receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative effects. We aimed to evaluate its effects on lung tissue in a pulmonary contusion (PC) model

Effects of the Nanova™ Therapy System in Unroofing-Curettage and Secondary Intention Healing of Pilonidal Abscesses

Aim: Although treatment methods have been well-established for asymptomatic, chronic fistulizing, and recurrent forms of pilonidal sinus disease, there is no consensus on when definitive treatment should be performed in patients with abscesses. In this study, we aimed to present non-powered negative-pressure wound dressing used to facilitate healing in patients with pilonidal abscesses who underwent unroofing-curettage. Method: The data of five patients who presented to our clinics between June-December 2015 with pilonidal abscesses and underwent unroofingcurettage and secondary healing with non-powered negative-pressure wound dressing were included in the study. The patients’ age, sex, duration of treatment, complications, and recurrence rates were analyzed. Unroofing-curettage was performed after drainage under local anesthesia. The wound was dressed using the “Nanova™ Therapy System”, applying the first 3 treatments every 48 hours, followed by the next applications once every 72 hours. Results: Since the number of cases was small, the patients were examined one by one. The mean age of the patients was 33 years (28-38 years) and all patients were male. There was no previous history of pilonidal sinus in the patients’ medical histories. Wound dressing was applied 3 times to one patient, 4 times to three patients, and 5 times to one patient (average, 4). Only one patient developed hemorrhage as a complication. Mean recovery time was 22.2±6.26 (16-32) days. The mean follow-up period was 20.8±3.34 (16-24) months and no recurrence was detected during this period. Conclusion: In our study, we used negative-pressure wound dressing by means of a non-powered hand pump. Since the number of patients was small, a statistical comparison was not possible. However, we found that vacuum-assisted dressing shortens the healing period compared to previous studies in patients whose wounds were left to heal by secondary intention

Vitamin E Protects Against Oxidative Damage Caused By Cadmium In The Blood Of Rats

Aim: The protective effect of vitamin E (vit E) on cadmium (Cd) induced oxidative stress was studied in the blood of rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided in to three experimental groups: Control, Cd treated and Cd + vit E treated, each contain-ing 10 animals. The Cd treated and Cd + vit E treated groups were injected subcutaneously daily with CdCl2 dissolved in isotonic NaCl in the amount of 2 mL/kg for 20 days, resulting in a dosage of 0.49 mg Cd/kg/d. In addition, Cd + vit E treated group received intramuscular injection of 150 mg/kg vit E until the end of the study. Results: Cd treatment increased significantly malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in plasma and erythrocytes compared to the control group. Cd + vit E treatment, decreased significantly elevated MDA lev-els in plasma and erythrocyte and also reduced significantly the enhanced antioxidant levels. Cd treatment increased significantly the activity of iron levels in the plasma compared to the control group. Cd + vit E treatment, decreased the activity of iron levels in the plasma compared to the Cd treated group. In the control group, the histology of erythrocytes was normal. In Cd treated group, there was marked membrane destruction and there were hemolytic changes in erythrocytes. In Cd + vit E treated group, these changes were less than Cd treated group. Conclussion: Our results show that vit E exerts a protective effect against cadmium toxicity