16,298 research outputs found
Duality of massive gauge invariant theories in arbitrary space-time dimension
We show that dualization of Stueckelberg-like massive gauge theories and
models, follows form a general p-dualization of interacting
theories in d spacetime dimensions. This is achieved by a particular choice of
the external current.Comment: ReVTeX 7pages, no figures, accepted for publ. in Phys.Rev.
The chemistry of ultrasonic degradation of organic compounds
The destruction of toxic organic molecules using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is a potent tool for pollution control and environmental protection. Ultrasound is a convenient and effective method of generating hydroxyl radicals which is the key oxidant in AOPs. This review describes the use of ultrasound and associated chemical reactions, with and without additives, as a powerful means of remediating water contaminated with organic pollutants. After a brief introduction to ultrasound and sonochemistry, their application for the oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol and substituted phenols is considered. Next is the decomposition of chlorinated phenols, and other chlorinated organics, then removal of recalcitrant smaller organic molecules. A discussion follows of recent work that has investigated the effects of initial concentration of substrates; the use of different ultrasonic frequencies; the inclusion of oxidising species, inorganic particles, or salts and their contribution to enhanced degradation. Finally, brief comments are made on the status of ultrasound as an AOP treatment
Covariant approach to equilibration in effective field theories
The equilibration of two coupled reservoirs is studied using a Green function
approach which is suitable for future development with the closed time path
method. The problem is solved in two parameterizations, in order to demonstrate
the non-trivial issues of parameterization in both the intermediate steps and
the interpretation of physical quantities. We use a covariant approach to find
self-consistent solutions for the statistical distributions as functions of
time. We show that by formally introducing covariant connections, one can
rescale a slowly varying non-equilibrium theory so that it appears to be an
equilibrium one, for the purposes of calculation. We emphasize the importance
of properly tracking variable redefinitions in order to correctly interpret
physical quantities.Comment: 11 pages, Late
Lamb\u27s Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District, 113 S. Ct. 2141 (1993)
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution provides the primary foundation for the protection of several individual rights, including free speech and religious autonomy.\u27 At times, how- ever, efforts to protect these rights appear to conflict with competing restraints on state action. The drafters of the First Amendment\u27s Religion Clauses, for example, sought to guarantee religious freedom while maintaining a separation between church and state. The goal or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for redress of grievances
Smarter task assignment or greater effort: the impact of incentives on team performance
We use an experiment to study the impact of team-based incentives, exploiting rich data from personnel records and management information systems. Using a triple difference design, we show that the incentive scheme had an impact on team performance, even with quite large teams. We examine whether this effect was due to increased effort from workers or strategic task reallocation. We find that the provision of financial incentives did raise individual performance but that managers also disproportionately reallocated efficient workers to the incentivised tasks. We show that this reallocation was the more important contributor to the overall outcome
Open String Moduli in KKLT Compactifications
In the Kachru-Kallosh-Linde-Trivedi (KKLT) de-Sitter construction one
introduces an anti-D3-brane that breaks the supersymmetry and leads to a
positive cosmological constant. In this paper we investigate the open string
moduli associated with this anti-D3-brane, corresponding to its position on the
3-sphere at the tip of the deformed conifold. We show that in the KKLT
construction these moduli are very light, and we suggest a possible way to give
these moduli a large mass by putting orientifold planes in the KKLT "throat".Comment: harvmac, 22 page
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