Effect of vitamin E on the blood-brain barrier permeability in aged rats with ptz-induced convulsions

The effect of vitamin E on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was studied under conditions of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions in aged (23- to 24-month-old) male albino rats; Evans Blue was used as a tracer. The BBB permeability was found to considerably increase in rats with PTZ-evoked seizures; the Evans Blue contents in the left and right hemispheres and cerebellum + brainstem region were significantly higher than those in the control. Vitamin E used in the dose of 70 mg/kg exerted practically no beneficial effect on the increased BBB permeability in rats with seizures, while a greater dose of vitamin E (700 mg/kg) exerted a significant protective effect, especially with respect to the cerebellum + brainstem regions (P < 0.01). The seizure-related rise in the arterial blood pressure was also smaller in the latter experimental group. Thus, our observations confirm the importance of the dose of vitamin E as a protective factor for the BBB permeability and demonstrate that the dose dependence of this antioxidant in aged animals dif fers from that in younger or ganisms.На старих (вік 23–24 місяці) самцях білих щурів досліджували вплив вітаміну Е на розлади проникності гематоенцефалічного бар’єра (ГЕБ), пов’язані з розвитком судомної активності, котра була індукована введенням пентилентетразолу (ПТЗ); як трасер використовували барвник Еванс блакитний. У тварин із ПТЗ-викликаними судомами проникність ГЕБ значно збільшувалася; вміст барвника в тканинах лівої та правої мозкових півкуль, мозочка та стовбура мозку вірогідно перевищував відповідні значення в контролі. Вітамін Е в дозі 70 мг/кг практично не справляв позитивного впливу на збільшену проникність ГЕБ у тварин із судомною активністю. Застосування ж вітаміну Е в більших дозах (700 мг/кг) забезпечувало істотний протективний ефект, особливо щодо зразків тканин мозочка та стовбура мозку (P < 0.01). Підвищення артеріального кров’яного тиску, пов’язане з розвитком судом, в останній з експериментальних серій було помірнішим, ніж у двох інших серіях. Отже, наші спостереження підтверджують важливість дозування вітаміну Е як протективного фактора щодо проникності ГЕБ та вказують на те, що залежність від дози цього вітаміну, використовуваного як антиоксидант, у старих тварин істотно відрізняється від такої у молодших організмів

Inhaled nitric oxide suppresses neuroinflammation in experimental ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke is a major global health issue and characterized by acute vascular dysfunction and subsequent neuroinflammation. However, the relationship between these processes remains elusive. In the current study, we investigated whether alleviating vascular dysfunction by restoring vascular nitric oxide (NO) reduces post-stroke inflammation. Mice were subjected to experimental stroke and received inhaled NO (iNO;50 ppm) after reperfusion. iNO normalized vascular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, reduced the elevated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and returned leukocyte adhesion to baseline levels. Reduction of vascular pathology significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (Il-1 beta), interleukin-6 (Il-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), within the brain parenchyma. These findings suggest that vascular dysfunction is responsible for leukocyte adhesion and that these processes drive parenchymal inflammation. Reversing vascular dysfunction may therefore emerge as a novel approach to diminish neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke and possibly other ischemic disorders

Effect of Vitamin E on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Aged Rats with PTZ-Induced Convulsions

The effect of vitamin E on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was studied under conditions of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions in aged (23- to 24-month-old) male albino rats; Evans Blue was used as a tracer. The BBB permeability was found to increase considerably in rats with PTZ-evoked seizures; the Evans Blue contents in the left and right hemispheres and cerebellum + brainstem region were significantly higher than those in the control. Vitamin E at a dose of 70 mg/kg exerted practically no beneficial effect on the increased BBB permeability in rats with seizures, while a greater dose of vitamin E (700 mg/kg) exerted a significant protective effect, especially with respect to the cerebellum + brainstem regions (P < < 0.01). The seizure-related rise in the arterial blood pressure was also smaller in the latter experimental group. Thus, our observations confirm the importance of the vitamin E dose as a protective factor for BBB permeability and demonstrate that the dose dependence of this antioxidant in aged animals differs from that in younger organisms

Lifelong consumption of sodium selenite: Gender differences on blood-brain barrier permeability in convulsive, hypoglycemic rats

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of hypoglycemia and induced convulsions on the blood-brain barrier permeability in rats with or without lifelong administration of sodium selenite. There is a significant decrease of the blood-brain barrier permeability in three brain regions of convulsive, hypoglycemic male rats treated with sodium selenite when compared to sex-matched untreated rats (p 0.05). The blood-brain barrier permeability of the left and right hemispheres of untreated, moderately hypoglycemic convulsive rats of both genders was better than their untreated counterparts (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that moderate hypoglycemia and lifelong treatment with sodium selenite have a protective effect against blood-brain barrier permeability during convulsions and that the effects of sodium selenite are gender-dependent

Gender difference in the influence of antioxidants on the blood-brain barrier permeability during pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in hyperthermic rat pups

Our purpose in this study was to investigate the protective effects of selenium and vitamin E on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in rats with convulsion under hyperthermic conditions. To eliminate the effect of sex on BBB, we performed our study on 4- to 5-week-old prepubertal rat pups. Evans-blue was used as a BBB tracer. Convulsions were induced by administration of i.p. pentylenetetrazol. In the selenium group, 4 ppm selenium was added to the drinking water for 4-5 weeks. Vitamin E was administered at 700 mg/kg ip. It was shown that the convulsions, both under normothermic and hyperthermic conditions, caused widespread increase in the BBB permeability (p < 0.05). In addition, a significant difference was observed among female and male rats (f [1, 102]6.387,p < 0.05). In convulsions under normothermic conditions, there was a further increase in the BBB permeability (F[3, 102]=43.534, p < 0.001) and a greater increase of permeability in males compared to females (F[1, 102]=6.387, p < 0.05). Selenium and vitamin E significantly decreased the BBB destruction caused by convulsions under hyperthermic conditions in males (p < 0.05). Treatment with selenium or vitamin E has beneficial effects on the BBB breakdown during convulsions. But gender differences are very important in BBB permeability under pathological conditions and antioxidant treatments

Type 1 diabetes exacerbates blood-brain barrier alterations during experimental epileptic seizures in an animal model

The aim of this study was to perform the effects of diabetes on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic attacks. For this propose, the animals were divided into four groups. These groups contained were intact, PTZ-treated, diabetic and PTZ-treated diabetic individuals, respectively. To evaluate the functioning of the BBB, Evans blue was used as a BBB permeability indicator, and the expressions of zonula occludens-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein involving the functioning of the BBB were determined immunohistochemically. Also, the changes in the release of serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 were studied by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. BBB permeability in the seizures under diabetic conditions showed a considerable increase (p<001) in all of the brain we studied. The immunoreactive staining intensity of zonula occludens-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein was found reduced in the brain regions of diabetic rats (p<001). However, the serum level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha increased in diabetes and diabetes+PTZ groups, and the serum level of interleukin-12 increased significantly in all experimental groups (p<005). In conclusion, diabetes dramatically increases BBB damage during epileptic seizures, and it may be derived from an elevation of paracellular passage. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Effects of Acute Hyperglycemia on Blood Brain Barrier During Pentylenetetrazole-induced Epileptic Seizures

Epileptic seizures are one of the most common neurologic disorder and lead to disruption of Blood-brain Barrier (BBB). In animal experiments, seizure susceptibility has been shown to increase with incremental blood glucose. Moreover, clinical information regarding seizures and parameters of glucose control is lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of acute hyperglycemia on permeability of Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and the immunoreactivity of Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) during Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic seizures. Experimental rats are divided into four groups. Evans blue was used as BBB tracer; ZO-1 and GFAP were determined by an immunohistochemical method. The BBB permeability of three parts of the brain in acute hyperglycemia+PTZ group compared to PTZ group (p<0.05). Immunoreactivity of ZO-1 decreased in acute hyperglycemic rats (p<0.05). GFAP immunoreactivity also significantly increased in PTZ and acute hyperglycemia+PTZ (p<0.01). This study was conducted to determine if acute hyperglycemia aggravates seizure changes GFAP activation and increases BBB damage during seizures