Treatment of Class II Deep-Bite with Twin-Block Appliance: A Case Report

Functional treatment is one of the most effective treatment methods for the correction of skeletal deviations of individuals who has a growth potential. When Class II deep-bite is treated in late growth period with molar extrusion, relapse commonly occurs under masticatory pressure. However, as the early treatment provides better muscular adaptation, risk of relapse decreases in deep-bite individuals. Our patient was a girl who had a 10 year 1 month years old chronological and 10 year 6 month skeletal age and in MP3= period according to hand wrist film. In the clinical examination a convex profile, Class II molar and canine relationship and a traumatic deep-bite was recorded. Overbite and overjet were 9 mm and 5 mm respectively. Freeway space was 2 mm. In radiological examination it was observed that she was in mixed dentition. Maxillary and mandibular dental arch crowdings were 0 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively The twin-block appliance was applied for the correction of mandibular retrog-nathism. Twin-block treatment phase was 10 months. After functional treatment phase the patient underwent fixed Edgewise orthodontic treatment. The fixed orthodontic treatment phase was 8 months. By the combination of the functional treatment with twin-block appliance and fixed orthodontic treatment an ideal maxil-lomandibular relationship, normal overbite and overjet and a harmonious profile were achieved

Prevalence of Orthodontic Malocclusion and Evaluation Criteria in 7 Geographic Regions of Turkey

Objective:The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic evaluation criteria in Turkey and determine differences among the 7 regions.Materials and Method:In our research, extra- and intraoral examination of 1023 randomly selected persons from rural and central parts of different regions (500 female subjects and 523 male subjects; mean age = 13.10 ± 3.11) were performed. To analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods (mean value, prevalence ratio, standard deviation) were carried out. The significance of regional differences of the evaluation criteria and gender distributions were assessed by means of a χ2 test.Results:Comparison of the classification of malocclusion, crossbite, chin deviation asymmetry, smile line, cleft lip and palate, and profile among the regions showed significant differences (p 0.05).Conclusion:Malocclusion and all orthodontic evaluation criteria except midline diastema (p < 0.05) and openbite (p < 0.01) demonstrated statistically significant differences among the 7 regions of Turkey. As a result, we suggest that the distribution of orthodontic anomalies in the different geographic areas should be examined separately to give a more accurate picture of the actual occurrence rate and, therefore, contribute to the development of targeted health policies

Treatment of a Unilateral Malposed Lower Molar by Mini-Plate Application - A Case Report

Orthodontic correction of single tooth malpositions due to eruption problems, early loss of tooth and other reasons, is an important issue especially in patients with ideal occlusion without bonding the whole arch. In this case report treatment of a 9-year-old female patient with an Angle class I malocclusion having her right lower permanent first molar tilted mesially towards the space occurred by the extraction of right second deciduous molar tooth was presented. Correction of right upper lateral tooth which was located palatally is also included. A mini-plate which is used currently in recent years was used for direct anchorage to make unilateral lower molar distalization and uprighting in this case. After 7 months, enough distalization and uprighting was maintained. Afterwards the eruption of right lower second premolar was followed and the treatment was finished

Total and Interregional Differences of the Need for Orthodontic Treatment in Turkey: Epidemiologic Surveillance Analysis

Objective:The aim of this study was to identify the need for orthodontic treatment in Turkey and the differences between the 7 geographic regions.Materials and Methods:In the orthodontic part of the survey, extraoral and intraoral examination of 1023 randomly selected individuals (500 female and 523 male, mean ages 13.10±3.11 years) was performed. The need of orthodontic treatment was evaluated with the aesthetic component (AC) and dental health component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). To analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods (mean value, prevalence ratio, and standard deviation) were performed. The significance of regional IOTN differences and gender distributions were assessed by means of chi-square test.Results:No statistically significant differences were found in gender distribution in the total and different regional samples (p>0.05). According to the DHC, 28.7% did not need orthodontic treatment, 16.3% were borderline cases, and 55.0% had severe need for orthodontic therapy. Little or no need for treatment was found in 91.8% of the study group according to the AC. Significant interregional differences were determined by DHC (p<0.01). The treatment need was greatest in the Southeastern Anatolia region (72.6%) and least in the Marmara region (34.1%).Conclusions:Orthodontic treatment need was significantly different between the geographic regions in Turkey. The need for orthodontic treatment was high in the total sample; nevertheless, the lack of awareness of the need for treatment was a worrisome finding

Effects of Ozone and Prophylactic Antimicrobial Applications on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets

Objective:The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ozone and prophylactic antimicrobial applications on the shear bond strengths and bond failure interfaces of orthodontic brackets.Methods:Sixty human canine teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=20), receiving the following treatments: Group I-pumice prophylaxis (Isler Dental, Ankara, Turkey)+37% orthophosphoric acid (Dentsply, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)+Transbond XT primer and adhesive (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA); Group II-prophylaxis paste (Topex, NJ, USA)+37% orthophosphoric acid (Dentsply, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)+ Transbond XT primer and adhesive paste (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA); and Group III-ozone application (Biozonix GmbH, Munich, Germany)+37% orthophosphoric acid (Dentsply, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)+Transbond XT primer and adhesive (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA). All specimens were stored at 37°C water for 24 h. Shear bond strength was assessed using a universal testing device (Autograph AGS-X; Shimadzu, Japan). Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were obtained through examination of teeth under stereomicroscope at 10× magnification after debonding.Results:Shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets were 16.10, 18.01, and 19.23 MPa for Groups I, II, and III, respectively. No statistically significant difference in shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets was found among the groups (p=0.273), based on Kruskal-Wallis analysis. Additionally, no significant difference was found in the ARI scores of each group using chi-square analysis (p=0.992).Conclusion:Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and ARI scores was not found to be negatively impacted by ozone application

Autosomal recessive variants in TUBGCP2 alter the γ-tubulin ring complex leading to neurodevelopmental disease.

Microtubules help building the cytoskeleton of neurons and other cells. Several components of the gamma-tubulin (γ-tubulin) complex have been previously reported in human neurodevelopmental diseases. We describe two siblings from a consanguineous Turkish family with dysmorphic features, developmental delay, brain malformation, and epilepsy carrying a homozygous mutation (p.Glu311Lys) in TUBGCP2 encoding the γ-tubulin complex 2 (GCP2) protein. This variant is predicted to disrupt the electrostatic interaction of GCP2 with GCP3. In primary fibroblasts carrying the variant, we observed a faint delocalization of γ-tubulin during the cell cycle but normal GCP2 protein levels. Through mass spectrometry, we observed dysregulation of multiple proteins involved in the assembly and organization of the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix, controlling cellular adhesion and of proteins crucial for neuronal homeostasis including axon guidance. In summary, our functional and proteomic studies link TUBGCP2 and the γ-tubulin complex to the development of the central nervous system in humans

Gümüş nanoparçacıkları içeren antimikrobiyal organik-inorganik hibrit kaplamaların hazırlanması ve karakterizasyonu

GÜMÜŞ NANOPARÇACIKLARI İÇEREN ANTİMİKROBİYAL ORGANİK-İNORGANİK HİBRİT KAPLAMALARIN HAZIRLANMASI ve KARAKTERİZASYONU Medikal ve endüstri sektöründe antimikrobiyal kaplamalar çok fazla talep görmektedir. Gümüş nanoparçacıkları antimikrobiyal kaplamalarda en çok kullanılan antimikrobiyal ajandır. Gümüşün çok kuvvetli bir antimikrobiyal olması dışında kolay ve ucuz bir metodla elde edilmesi diğer antimikrobiyal ajanlara göre daha fazla kullanılmasını açıklamaktadır. Sol-jel metoduyla hazırlanan UV ile sertleşebilen hibrit kaplamalar diğer kaplamalara göre daha üstün özelliklere sahiptir, bundan dolayı kullanım alanları geniş ve kullanım süreleri uzundur. Bu çalışmanın amacı; nano-gümüş parçacıkları içeren antimikrobiyal organik inorganik hibrit kaplamaları hazırlamaktır. Bu amaçla organik bileşen olarak poli(dimetil siloksan) esaslı üretan akrilat reçine sentezlendi. Organik inorganik yapıların uyumluluğunu sağlamak için 2 faklı birleştirme ajanı sentezlendi. Bunlardan ilki, N-p-hidroksi fenil maleimid ile 3-izosiyanatopropil trietoksisilandan çıkılarak sentezlendi. Birleştirme ajanı prehidroliz edilmiş tetraetoksi silan ile belli oranda karıştırılarak organik kısma katıldı. Diğer birleştirme ajanı, hidroksil sonlu poli(dimetil siloksan) ile 3-izosiyonatopropiltrietoksi silandan sentezlendi ve prehidroliz edilmiş metakriloksipropiltrimetoksi silan ile belli oranda karıştırılarak organik kısma katıldı. Gümüş nanoparçacıkları gümüş nitrattan kimyasal indirgenme metoduyla elde edildi ve uygun miktarda hibrit formülasyon içine katıldı. Polikarbonat plakaların yüzeyi hibrit formülasyon ile kaplandı ve ardından UV ışığı altında sertleştirildi. Hibrit kaplamaların termal, mekanik ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri incelendi. Ayrıca morfolojik, termal, mekanik testler ASTM standartlarına göre gerçekleştirildi. ABSTRACT PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID COATINGS CONTAINING SILVER NANOPARTICLES A great demand for antimicrobial coatings exists in medical and industrial sectors. Silver nanoparticles are an antimicrobial agent which is the most widely used in antimicrobial coatings. Silver is a very powerful antimicrobial agent and it is also prepared by an easy and inexpensive method. Therefore nanosilver is more useful than other antimicrobial agents.UV-curable hybrid coatings prepared by sol-gel method have many advantages when compared to organic coatings, hence hybrid coatings have widespread applications with a long pot life. The aim of this study is to prepare nano-silver containing antimicrobial organic-inorganic hybrid coatings. For this purpose, as an organic component poly (dimethyl siloxane) based urethane acrylate resin was prepared. The resin contributed antimicrobial effect by increasing hydrophobicity of hybrid coating. Two different coupling agents were synthesized to provide the compatibility between organic and inorganic structures. First of them was synthesized from N-p-hydroxyphenyl maleimide and 3-(isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane). The coupling agent was mixed with prehydrolized tetraethoxy silane and certain amounts of the mixture was added to the organic matrix. The alternative coupling agent was prepared from poly (dimethyl siloxane) diol and 3-(isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane). It is also mixed with prehydrolized methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane and then certain amounts of mixture was added to organic part. On the other hand, silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction of silver nitrate and the appropriate amounts of them were added into the hybrid formulations. The surface of polycarbonate plate was coated with hybrid formulations and subsequently cured under UV irradiation. The thermal, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of hybrid coatings were investigated.Moreover, morphological, thermal, mechanical tests were applied according to ASTM standards

Gümüş nanoparçacıkları içeren antimikrobiyal organik-inorganik hibrit kaplamaların hazırlanması ve karakterizasyonu

ÖZETGÜMÜŞ NANOPARÇACIKLARI İÇEREN ANTİMİKROBİYAL ORGANİK-İNORGANİK HİBRİT KAPLAMALARIN HAZIRLANMASI ve KARAKTERİZASYONUMedikal ve endüstri sektöründe antimikrobiyal kaplamalar çok fazla talep görmektedir. Gümüş nanoparçacıkları antimikrobiyal kaplamalarda en çok kullanılan antimikrobiyal ajandır. Gümüşün çok kuvvetli bir antimikrobiyal olması dışında kolay ve ucuz bir metodla elde edilmesi diğer antimikrobiyal ajanlara göre daha fazla kullanılmasını açıklamaktadır. Sol-jel metoduyla hazırlanan UV ile sertleşebilen hibrit kaplamalar diğer kaplamalara göre daha üstün özelliklere sahiptir, bundan dolayı kullanım alanları geniş ve kullanım süreleri uzundur.Bu çalışmanın amacı; nano-gümüş parçacıkları içeren antimikrobiyal organik inorganik hibrit kaplamaları hazırlamaktır. Bu amaçla organik bileşen olarak poli(dimetil siloksan) esaslı üretan akrilat reçine sentezlendi. Organik inorganik yapıların uyumluluğunu sağlamak için 2 faklı birleştirme ajanı sentezlendi. Bunlardan ilki, N-p-hidroksi fenil maleimid ile 3-izosiyanatopropil trietoksisilandan çıkılarak sentezlendi. Birleştirme ajanı prehidroliz edilmiş tetraetoksi silan ile belli oranda karıştırılarak organik kısma katıldı. Diğer birleştirme ajanı, hidroksil sonlu poli(dimetil siloksan) ile 3-izosiyonatopropiltrietoksi silandan sentezlendi ve prehidroliz edilmiş metakriloksipropiltrimetoksi silan ile belli oranda karıştırılarak organik kısma katıldı. Gümüş nanoparçacıkları gümüş nitrattan kimyasal indirgenme metoduyla elde edildi ve uygun miktarda hibrit formülasyon içine katıldı. Polikarbonat plakaların yüzeyi hibrit formülasyon ile kaplandı ve ardından UV ışığı altında sertleştirildi. Hibrit kaplamaların termal, mekanik ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri incelendi. Ayrıca morfolojik, termal, mekanik testler ASTM standartlarına göre gerçekleştirildi. ABSTRACTPREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID COATINGS CONTAINING SILVER NANOPARTICLES A great demand for antimicrobial coatings exists in medical and industrial sectors. Silver nanoparticles are an antimicrobial agent which is the most widely used in antimicrobial coatings. Silver is a very powerful antimicrobial agent and it is also prepared by an easy and inexpensive method. Therefore nanosilver is more useful than other antimicrobial agents.UV-curable hybrid coatings prepared by sol-gel method have many advantages when compared to organic coatings, hence hybrid coatings have widespread applications with a long pot life.The aim of this study is to prepare nano-silver containing antimicrobial organic-inorganic hybrid coatings. For this purpose, as an organic component poly (dimethyl siloxane) based urethane acrylate resin was prepared. The resin contributed antimicrobial effect by increasing hydrophobicity of hybrid coating. Two different coupling agents were synthesized to provide the compatibility between organic and inorganic structures. First of them was synthesized from N-p-hydroxyphenyl maleimide and 3-(isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane). The coupling agent was mixed with prehydrolized tetraethoxy silane and certain amounts of the mixture was added to the organic matrix. The alternative coupling agent was prepared from poly (dimethyl siloxane) diol and 3-(isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane). It is also mixed with prehydrolized methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane and then certain amounts of mixture was added to organic part. On the other hand, silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction of silver nitrate and the appropriate amounts of them were added into the hybrid formulations. The surface of polycarbonate plate was coated with hybrid formulations and subsequently cured under UV irradiation. The thermal, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of hybrid coatings were investigated.Moreover, morphological, thermal, mechanical tests were applied according to ASTM standards

Stearik Asit/Grafen oksit Esaslı Form-Kararlı Kompozit Faz Değişim Malzemelerinin Hazırlanması

Composite phase change materials (PCM) of stearic acid/graphene oxide were prepared by thiol-alkyne click coupling reaction.Stearic acid was firstly modified with propargyl to introduce thiol-yneclickable sites. Different amounts of graphene oxide were added to thiol-alkyne clickable formulation. To evaluate phase change properties of PCMs differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used. Thermal stability and degradation profiles of PCMs were investigated. The structural characterization of stearic propargyl ester and PCMs was performed by aTR-FTIR spectroscopy. The addition of graphene oxide increased the maximum weigh loss temperature from 328 to 351 ˚C with respect to the base formulation. Moreover, the crosslinking of stearic acid prevented the leakage of PCMs.Stearik asit-grafen oksit kompozit faz değişim malzemeleri (PCM) tiyol-alkin klik kapanma reaksiyonu ile hazırlandı. Öncelikle stearik asit tiyol-yne klik gruplarının bağlanması amacıyla modifiye edildi. Farklı miktarlarda grafen oksit tiyol-klik formülasyonuna eklendi. PCM’lerin faz değişim özelliklerini incelemek için diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetre (DSC) kullanıldı. PCM’lerin termal kararlılık ve bozunma profil incelendi. Stearik propargyl esteri ve PCM’lerin yapısal karakterizasyonu ATR-FTIR spektroskopisi ile gerçekleştirildi. Grafen oksit eklenmesiyle baz formülasyona göre maksimum kütle kaybı sıcaklığı 328 dan 351 ˚C ye yükseldi. Aynı zamanda stearik propargyl çapraz bağlanmasıyla PCM’lerin akma problem engellendi