Obesity and Craniofacial Morphology

Obesity is defined as a condition describing excess amount of body fat. The paper aims to present current information regarding the relation between obesity and craniofacial morphology

Treatment of a Unilateral Malposed Lower Molar by Mini-Plate Application - A Case Report

Orthodontic correction of single tooth malpositions due to eruption problems, early loss of tooth and other reasons, is an important issue especially in patients with ideal occlusion without bonding the whole arch. In this case report treatment of a 9-year-old female patient with an Angle class I malocclusion having her right lower permanent first molar tilted mesially towards the space occurred by the extraction of right second deciduous molar tooth was presented. Correction of right upper lateral tooth which was located palatally is also included. A mini-plate which is used currently in recent years was used for direct anchorage to make unilateral lower molar distalization and uprighting in this case. After 7 months, enough distalization and uprighting was maintained. Afterwards the eruption of right lower second premolar was followed and the treatment was finished

Effects of Tooth Brushing and MouthWashing on Leaching Bisphenol A Levels From an Orthodontic Adhesive: An In Vitro Study

Objective: To assess the levels of bisphenol A (BPA) released from an orthodontic adhesive with respect to the effects of tooth brushing and mouth washing.Methods: Three groups, each containing fifteen adhesive samples were prepared. In Group 1, samples were polymerized according to manufacturer instructions. In Group 2, after the same polymerization protocol, each sample was brushed with a fluoride-containing toothpaste. For Group 3, samples were immersed in a mouth washing solution after polymerization. Later, all samples were placed into glass tubes containing 5 mL distilled water. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements were performed to assess the leaching amount of BPA. Intergroup comparison was performed by one way ANOVA test.Results: Mean amounts of BPA were found to be 0.2674 μg/L, 0.2692 μg/L, and 0.2705 μg/L, respectively. Only a significant difference was found between Group 1 and 3 (P < .01), revealing higher BPA levels with the mouth washing solution.Conclusion: Measurable amounts of BPA release were observed in all groups of orthodontic adhesive samples, but the detected amounts were below the toxic levels. From a clinical point of view, alcohol-containing mouth washing solutions might increase the amount of leaching monomer, since alcohol is solvent of BPA

Effects of Force Constancy on the Distribution of Interleukin-1 Beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) with hybrid and PG retractors, which have differences in constancy of force.Materials and Method:Forty canine teeth of 10 orthodontic patients were distalized with hybrid or PG retractors. The GCF was sampled from the distal sides of the canines at baseline, hour 1, day 1, month 1, and month 2. In the PG group, samples were re-collected 1 hour and 1 day after reactivation at month 1. Two-way ANOVA, paired t test, and Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis.Results:The IL-1β level increased at hour 1 and month 2 in the upper and lower hybrid groups, whereas upper PG group increased at hour 1, month 1 + 1 hour, and month 2. The TNF-α level increased at hour 1 and declined afterward in the upper hybrid group. The only difference between the 2 retractors was found in TNF-α levels, which were higher at day 1 and month 2 in the upper PG group.Conclusion:Continuous but diminishing forces produced by PG mechanics enhanced levels of TNF-α significantly at day 1 and month 2 compared with the constant and continuous forces applied by the hybrid retractor in the upper arch. Despite this difference, both retractors induced similar effects in IL-1β and TNF-α production and in the amount of tooth movement

SINIF I VE SINIF II, 1 ADOLESAN DÖNEMİ BİREYLERDE MAKSİMUM AĞIZ AÇILIM MESAFESİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Bu çalışmada amaç, Angle sınıf I ve Anglesınıf II bölüm 1 kapanışlı, herhangi bir temporomandibuler eklem TME problemi bulunmayan adolesan dönemdeki toplam 78 bireyde maksimum ağ›z aç›kl›ğ› mesafesini değerlendirmektir. Tüm bireylerin klinik muayeneleri yap›ld› ve maksimum ağ›z aç›l›m mesafesinin iskeletsel ölçümlerle ilişkisini tespit etmek amac›yla sefalometrik radyografiler al›nd›. Maksimum ağ›z aç›l›m mesafesi klinikte milimetrik bir cetvel yard›m› ile ölçüldü. Lateral sefalometrik radyografiler üzerinde iskeletsel ölçümler değerlendirildi. Gruplar aras› karş›laşt›rmalarda t-testi kullan›ld›. Ayr›ca Pearson korelasyon analizi kullan›ld›. Angle s›n›f I vakalarda maksimum ağ›z aç›l›m mesafesi Angle s›n›f II bölüm 1 vakalara göre daha yüksek bulundu 47.77 ± 4.69 vs 45.36 ± 5.02 mm,

Maxillary posterior intrusion with corticotomy-assisted approaches with zygomatic anchorage—a finite element stress analysis

Abstract Background Anterior open bite is one of the most difficult malocclusions to treat and maintain in orthodontics. An effective treatment approach to correct anterior open bite is the intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of corticotomy-assisted posterior maxillary intrusion with zygomatic anchorage by using finite element stress analysis. Methods An acrylic bite block on the posterior teeth including two transpalatal arches were modeled and 1.96 N intrusive force was loaded. Three scenarios were set, first with no subapical corticotomy, second with buccal, and third with both buccal and palatal corticotomies. The stress distributions along the cortical, cancellous bone surfaces, and dental structures were assessed by finite element stress analysis. Results Stress distributions over cortical and cancellous bones were commonly located at the inferior curvature of the zygomatic buttress area and posterior teeth for all scenarios. Stress values above the apices of anchor teeth were decreased for both corticotomy scenarios. Increased stress distributions were observed in cancellous bone around corticotomy regions. Despite the acrylic appliance and transpalatal arches, the stresses along the posterior teeth were not uniform. The apical third of the first molar mesiobuccal apex showed the highest stress values in all scenarios. Conclusions Corticotomy-assistance effected biomechanical responses of dentoalveolar structures during maxillary posterior intrusion. There was no apparent difference for the stress levels of the root apices between corticotomy scenarios, pointing out that only buccal corticotomy may be a better option in corticotomy-assisted maxillary intrusion

Information on the Internet Regarding Orthognathic Surgery in Turkey: Is It an Adequate Guide for Potential Patients?

To evaluate the quality of information on websites regarding orthognathic surgery in Turkey using the DISCERN toolkit

Değişik dik yön yüz büyüme paternine sahip iskeletsel sınıf 2 vakaların incelenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, tedavi görmemiş farklı dik yön yüz büyüme paternine sahip iskeletsel Sınıf 2 bireylerin çeşitli sefalometrik değerlerinin gözlem süresinde değerlendirilmesi ve farklılıklarının tesbitidir. Çalışmaya, mandibular retrognatiyle karakterize iskeletsel Sınıf 2, Angle sınıf II bölüm 1 dişsel ilişkide olan 34 birey dahil edildi. Birinci grup, optimum SN/GoGn 32±6˚ 11 kız, 6 erkek 17 bireyden oluşurken, 2. Grup SN/GoGn açısı 38˚ den büyük olan, 9’ u kız 8’ i erkek toplam 17 yüksek açılı bireyden oluşmaktadır. Her iki grupta da, gözlem dönemi süresince hem grup içi, hem de gruplararası görülen değişimler istatistiksel olarak önem arz etmemiştir. İskeletsel Sınıf 2 fonksiyonel tedavilerin kraniyofasiyal yapıda oluşturduğu değişimlerin inceleneceği longitudinal çalışmalarda farklı dik yön yüz boyutlarına sahip bireylerin ayrı ayrı kontrol grupları altında toplanmasına gerek kalmadığı sonucuna ulaşılabili

Evaluation of factors affecting the diet quality of patients with orthodontic malocclusion

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess factors which may contribute to the diet quality of adolescents with orthodontic malocclusion. MATERIALS and METHOD: Demographic and dietary data of 46 girls and 30 boys (mean age 11.4 ± 1.4 years), with good oral and systemic health were obtained. Data were evaluated in relation to skeletal growth pattern, malocclusion, overjet, overbite, number of posterior functional tooth units (PFTU) and parental education level. Dietary intake was measured by using 24-hour dietary recall method, and diet quality was assessed by using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010). Energy and nutrient intake was calculated by using the Nutrition Information System (BeBiS) program. Intergroup comparisons were performed by using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: Maternal education level affected the total HEI (p = 0.002), total fruit (p = 0.007), whole fruit (p = 0.018) and refined grains (p = 0.044) scores. Skeletal growth patterns, malocclusions, overjet and overbite did not alter the diet quality. Overbite was positively correlated with energy (r = 0.297, p = 0.009), carbohydrate (r = 0.238, p = 0.039) and protein (r = 0.305, p = 0.007) intake. Overjet was positively correlated with greens and beans scores (r = 0.238, p = 0.038). PFTU was positively correlated with the body mass index (r = 0.327, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: From a clinical perspective, malocclusion may not have a significant impact on the nutritional habits of adolescents. Maternal educational level, however, was found to be the main determinant for the diet quality during adolescence