Firm heterogeneity and comparative advantage: the response of French firms to Turkey's entry in the European Customs Union

I analyse the effects of a reduction in the tariffs of a trading partner on the exports of domestic firms. More precisely, I focus on how cross-industry differences in factor intensities and within-industry differences in firm productivities shape the response of the extensive (decision to export) and the intensive (exported volumes per firm) margins of exports. I examine the response of French firms to the reduction of Turkish import tariffs that followed the entry of Turkey into the European Customs Union in 1996. A reduction in tariffs increases the probability to export and, surprisingly, the effect is stronger in comparatively disadvantaged sectors. I provide a possible explanation using a partial equilibrium model which includes firm-level heterogeneity and sector-level comparative advantage. In this model, as trade partner tariffs fall, the productivity threshold separating exporters from non-exporters decreases more in comparatively disadvantaged sectors. This occurs because, even if the productivity threshold to enter the export market falls in the same proportion as tariffs in all sectors, its level was initially higher in comparatively disadvantaged ones.heterogeneous firms, Custom Union, intensive and extensive margins

The effect of the Uruguay Round on the intensive and extensive margins of trade

Do tariffs inhibit trade flows by limiting the entry of exporting firms (`extensive margin') or by restricting the average volume exported by each firm (`intensive margin')? Using a gravity equation approach, we analyze how the decrease in tariffs promoted during the 1990s by the Uruguay Round multilateral trade agreement affected the trade margins of French firms across 57 sectors and in 147 countries, from 1993 to 2002. Our main contribution is to estimate the elasticity of trade for both margins, controlling for the unobserved heterogeneity of trade flows thanks to a three-dimensional panel and to time-varying tariffs as a measure of variable trade costs. Our results show that the number of firms exporting in a given sector to a given destination is related to the level of tariffs. But they also show that the decrease in tariffs determined by the implementation of the Uruguay Round did not lead more firms to export and instead, only encouraged incumbent exporters to increase their shipments. We control for two problems that may affect our basic specification: tariff changes may be endogenous and zero flows are not included. Our results are confirmed - even when the extensive margin is significant, its contribution is very small.tariffs, trade margins, Uruguay Round

The Micro Dynamics of Exporting: Evidence from French Firms

This paper describes the dynamics of firms' exports to different countries. Using a panel of almost 19,000 French exporters, we define an export-relation as an observed positive export flow from a French firm to a destination. We establish the following facts: 1. There is a great deal of dynamics in firms' export relations that washes out at a more aggregate level; 2. Export values shipped by individual firms to specific destinations are very volatile: most of the changes occur within established export relations (intensive margin), with new relations or relations that are terminated (extensive margin)contributing little to adjustments in export value at firm level ; 3. Export flows within a newly-created relation involve very small values, often inferior to 1000 euros; 4. Export-relations are also very volatile. Moreover, from year to year single firms create and destroy relations simultaneously, and countries are simultaneously involved in the formation and termination of relations; 5. Formation or termination of export relations and changes in export values are explained mostly by firm-country specific shocks; 6. The share of relations continued from one year to the next is correlated with country characteristics: it is higher in bigger and closer markets. We discuss how those findings could be related to different kind of heterogeneous firm models and to a relation-specific trade model, arguing that the second one seems to fit more naturally all the documented facts.firm level trade, trade dynamics, state dependence, extensive/intensive margin

The Micro Dynamic of Exporting-Evidence from French Firms

This paper describes the dynamics of rms' exports to dierent countries. Using a panel of almost 19,000 French exporters, we dene an export-relation as an observed positive export ow from a French rm to a destination. We establish the following facts: 1. There is a great deal of dynamics in rms' export relations that washes out at a more aggregate level; 2. Export values shipped by individual rms to specic destinations are very volatile: most of the changes occur within established export relations (intensive margin), with new relations or relations that are terminated (extensive margin)contributing little to adjustments in export value at rm level ; 3. Export ows within a newly-created relation involve very small values, often inferior to 1000 euros; 4. Export-relations are also very volatile. Moreover, from year to year single rms create and destroy relations simultaneously, and countries are simultaneously involved in the formation and termination of relations; 5. Formation or termination of export relations and changes in export values are explained mostly by rm-country specic shocks; 6. The share of relations continued from one year to the next is correlated with country characteristics: it is higher in bigger and closer markets. We discuss how those ndings could be related to dierent kinds of heterogeneous rm models and to a relation-specic trade model, arguing that the second one seems to t more naturally all the documented facts.

The Micro Dynamics of Exporting: Evidence from French Firms

This paper describes the dynamics of firms' exports to different countries. Using a panel of almost 19,000 French exporters, we define an export-relation as an observed positive export flow from a French firm to a destination. We establish the following facts: 1. There is a great deal of dynamics in firms' export relations that washes out at a more aggregate level; 2. Export values shipped by individual firms to specific destinations are very volatile: most of the changes occur within established export relations (intensive margin), with new relations or relations that are terminated (extensive margin)contributing little to adjustments in export value at firm level ; 3. Export flows within a newly-created relation involve very small values, often inferior to 1000 euros; 4. Export-relations are also very volatile. Moreover, from year to year single firms create and destroy relations simultaneously, and countries are simultaneously involved in the formation and termination of relations; 5. Formation or termination of export relations and changes in export values are explained mostly by firm-country specific shocks; 6. The share of relations continued from one year to the next is correlated with country characteristics: it is higher in bigger and closer markets. We discuss how those findings could be related to different kind of heterogeneous firm models and to a relation-specific trade model, arguing that the second one seems to fit more naturally all the documented facts

El perfil tecnológico como herramienta de extensión e investigación para la caracterización de la limonicultura de Jujuy

PósterLa producción citrícola jujeña se ubica en los Valles Templados y Subtropicales. Existen 248 producto-res con predios de tamaños variables con actividad mixta, citrus y hortalizas y/o con otros frutales. Más del 70 % posee plantaciones iguales o menores a 20 ha. Los limones ocupan el 27,70 % de la superficie citrícola provincial y concentra a 67 sistemas productivos. Dada las tendencias de los mercados y la contribución de actividad a las economías locales resulta necesario contar con información territorial de las prácticas de manejo utilizadas y su impacto en los rendimientos, El objetivo del trabajo fue relevar prácticas y labores en diferentes explotaciones limoneras en la provincia de Jujuy, con la finalidad de sistematizarlas y valorarlas en niveles de adopción de acuerdo con el perfil tecnológico. En los años 2020 y 2021 se aplicó una metodología desarrollada por el INTA, definiéndose la zona geográfica de estudio; clasificándose a los productores en tres niveles tecnológicos (bajo, medio, alto) en base a los rendimientos y se categorizo la adopción de las tecnologías utilizadas en el proceso productivo, en cinco niveles (O, A, B, C, T). Los datos fueron recogidos y consolidados mediante encuestas, entrevistas virtuales a diez técnicos y profesionales con un enfoque iterativo tipo Delphi. Se observó, que las tecnologías que más retrasan el perfil tecnológico (PT) bajo son: la densidad de plantación 300 plantas/ha, un programa de fertilización con macronutrientes, el manejo de malezas mecánico con segadora y químico, plantaciones con bordos y cortinas rompe vientos, la disponibilidad de maquinaria propia. Las tecnologías que más favorecen el PT alto son: la poda anual, fertilización programada con corrección foliar con micronutrientes, utilizando diagnóstico análisis de suelo y foliares, la aplicación de fitosanitarios mediante monitoreo, el riego presurizado y programación del riego, el uso de asistencia técnica privada y pública, la disponibilidad de Packing y por último la programación de cosecha con fechas acotadas. Esta información permite encontrar tecnologías críticas y generar nuevas líneas de trabajo para mejorar el impacto de la investigación y extensión y la metodología utilizada fue de aplicación simple y práctica.Centro de Investigación en Economía y ProspectivaFil: Buono, Sebastían Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Yuto. Agencia De Extensión Rural San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Tapia, Silvia Norma. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Yuto; ArgentinaFil: Perondi, Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Yuto; ArgentinaFil: Garzón, Marcos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Yuto; ArgentinaFil: Giorgini, Sergio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Cerrillos; ArgentinaFil: Giancola, Silvana Inés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones en Economía y Prospectiva (CIEP); Argentin

Heritage´s co-construction experiences in El Alto (Catamarca, Argentina)

En este trabajo presentamos el avance de dos proyectos de aplicación vinculados a la visibilización, valoración y activación patrimonial, desarrollados en las localidades de Guayamba y Tapso, Dpto. de El Alto, Catamarca, Argentina. Para lograr nuestros objetivos planteamos tres ejes articuladores: una noción ampliada de patrimonio basada en el concepto de paisaje cultural, una construcción en conjunto con las comunidades locales y la integración de estos ejes con el turismo autogestionado y sustentable.In this paper we address two projects in progress developed in the towns of Guayamba and Tapso, Department of El Alto, Catamarca, Argentina. The aim was to explore the visibility, valuation and activation of heritage policies. To achieve our goals, we propose three articulated items: an expanded notion of heritage based on the concept of cultural landscape, a co-construction in collaboration with local communities and the integration of these items with self-managed and sustainable tourism.Fil: Gordillo, Ines Graciela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; ArgentinaFil: Eguia, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; ArgentinaFil: Zuccarelli Freire, Verónica Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca; ArgentinaFil: Prieto, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; ArgentinaFil: Bocelli, Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca; ArgentinaFil: Letelier, Jose Miguel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; ArgentinaFil: Buono, Héctor Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; Argentin

The effect of the Uruguay round on the intensive and extensive margins of trade

International audienceDo tariffs inhibit trade flows by limiting the entry of exporters (‘firm extensive margin’) or by restricting the average volume exported by each firm (‘firm intensive margin’)? Using a gravity equation approach, we analyze how the decrease in tariffs promoted during the 90s by the Uruguay Round multilateral trade agreement affected the trade margins of French firms for 57 sectors and 147 countries from 1993 to 2002. Our main contribution is to estimate the elasticity of trade on both margins, controlling for the unobserved heterogeneity of trade flows thanks to a three-dimensional panel and to time-varying tariffs as a measure of variable trade costs. Our results show that the number of firms exporting in a given sector to a given destination is related to the level of tariffs. But they also show that the decrease in tariffs induced by the implementation of the Uruguay Round did not lead more firms to export and that it only induced incumbent exporters to increase their shipments. We control for two problems that may affect our basic specification: tariff changes may be endogenous and zero flows are not included. Our results are confirmed — even when the extensive margin is significant, its magnitude is very small

La réaction des entreprises françaises à la baisse des tarifs douaniers étrangers

Buono Ines, Lalanne Guy. La réaction des entreprises françaises à la baisse des tarifs douaniers étrangers. In: Economie et statistique, n°435-436, 2010. pp. 13-29