Subjektive Theorien von Musikerinnen und Musikern zum Üben. Ein Beitrag an der Schnittstelle von Kognitionspsychologie, Popmusikforschung und empirischer Musikpädagogik

This article reports on the findings of a qualitative interview study that investigated the individual ideas about practicing of nine musicians of different musical backgrounds, music genres, instruments, and learning biography. The findings reveal a variety of different aspects that are embedded in argumentative reasoning, and thus are analysed as subjective theories. According to differences in complexity with regards to content and argumentative structure we propose the following typification: 1) physical-technical constriction, 2) technique and interpretation centered type, and 3) creative-congnitive focus. A strict affiliation between these types and musical genre was not found

Musical concepts as explanation for children’s musical preference in primary school age

Background. Building on Behne’s (1975) construct of musical concepts (beliefs, attitudes, information, etc. held by an individual concerning a musical object), the study explores the power of such concepts for explaining the development of musical preferences in primary school children. This ties in with the assumption that growing stylistic sensitivity is relevant to age-related changes in "open-earedness" (Hargreaves, 1982, p. 51; i.a. Gembris & Schellberg, 2003).Aims. The following questions are investigated: Can musical concepts be found in primary school children? If so: How do these concepts develop during primary school? Are musical concepts important for the evaluation of music?Methods. As part of the longitudinal study SIGrun (Busch et al., 2013), 31 children were interviewed in small groups about their musical preferences at two interview points (in second and fourth grade). A content analysis was conducted focusing on the development of musical concepts. The results are triangulated with earlier findings about the development of musical preference ratings (Busch et al, 2014) measured by a sound questionnaire as part of the SIGrun study. The analysis follows an exploratory design.Results. The interview analysis discloses musical concepts used by children to describe their musical preferences. A change in relevance of genre-specific concepts and of the gender-specific concepts of boys’ music and girls’ music is observed between second and fourth grade. It will be argued that musical concepts have explanatory potential for age- and sex-dependent differences observed in the sound questionnaire

A complete axiomatization of branching bisimilarity for a simple process language with probabilistic choice:(extended abstract)

\u3cp\u3eThis paper proposes a notion of branching bisimilarity for non-deterministic probabilistic processes. In order to characterize the corresponding notion of rooted branching probabilistic bisimilarity, an equational theory is proposed for a basic, recursion-free process language with non-deterministic as well as probabilistic choice. The proof of completeness of the axiomatization builds on the completeness of strong probabilistic bisimilarity on the one hand and on the notion of a concrete process, i.e. a process that does not display (partially) inert τ -moves, on the other hand. The approach is first presented for the non-deterministic fragment of the calculus and next generalized to incorporate probabilistic choice, too.\u3c/p\u3

Modular indirect push-button formal verification of multi-threaded code generators

\u3cp\u3eIn model-driven development, the automated generation of a multi-threaded program based on a model specifying the intended system behaviour is an important step. Verifying that such a generation step semantically preserves the specified functionality is hard. In related work, code generators have been formally verified using theorem provers, but this is very time-consuming work, should be done by an expert in formal verification, and is not easily adaptable to changes applied in the generator. In this paper, we propose, as an alternative, a push-button approach, combining equivalence checking and code verification with previous results we obtained on the verification of generic code constructs. To illustrate the approach, we consider our Slco framework, which contains a multi-threaded Java code generator. Although the technique can still only be applied to verify individual applications of the generator, its push-button nature and efficiency in practice makes it very suitable for non-experts.\u3c/p\u3