657 research outputs found
Long-lived submicrometric bubbles in very diluted alkali halide water solutions
Solutions of LiCl and of NaCl in ultrapure water were studied through
Rayleigh/Brillouin scattering as a function of the concentration (molarity, M)
of dissolved salt from 0.2M to extremely low concentration (2.10^-17 M ). The
Landau-Placzek ratio, R/B, of the Rayleigh scattering intensity over the total
Brillouin, was measured thanks to the dynamically controlled stability of the
used Fabry-Perot interferometer. It was observed that the R/B ratio follows two
stages as a function of increasing dilution rate: after a strong decrease
between 0.2M and 2.10^-5 M, it increases to reach a maximum between 10^-9 M and
10^-16 M. The first stage corresponds to the decrease of the Rayleigh
scattering by the ion concentration fluctuations with the decrease of salt
concentration. The second stage, at lower concentrations, is consistent with
the increase of the Rayleigh scattering by long-lived sub-microscopic bubbles
with the decrease of ion concentration. The origin of these sub-microscopic
bubbles is the shaking of the solutions which was carried out after each
centesimal dilution. The very long lifetime of the sub-microscopic bubbles and
the effects of aging originate in the electric charge of bubbles. The increase
of R/B with the decrease of the low salt concentration corresponds to the
increase of the sub-microscopic bubble size with the decrease of concentration,
that is imposed by the bubble stability due to the covering of the surface
bubble by negative ions.Comment: 6 figures. To be published in Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics
(PCCP
A note on the polarization of the laser field in Mott Scattering
In the first Born approximation and using an elliptically polarized laser
field, the Mott scattering of an electron by a Coulomb potential is
investigated using the Dirac-Volkov states to describe the incident and
scattered electrons. The results obtained are compared with the results of S.M.
Li \textit{et al} \cite{1} for the case of a linearly polarized laser field and
with the results of Y. Attaourti \textit{et al} \cite{2} for the case of a
circular polarization.Comment: 9 pages, Latex, 2 figure
Comment on Mott Scattering in strong Laser Field
The first differential cross section for Mott scattering of a Dirac-Volkov
electron is reviewed. The expression (26) derived by Szymanowski et al.
[Physical Review A {\bf 56}, 3846,(1997)] is corrected. In particular, we
disagree with the expression of they obtained and
we give the exact coefficients multiplying the various Bessel functions
appearing in the scattering differential cross section.Comment: 16 pages, LaTex, added reference for section 3, corrected some
typosReport no: LPHEA 02-0
Effective velocity boundary condition at a mixed slip surface
This paper studies the nature of the effective velocity boundary conditions
for liquid flow over a plane boundary on which small free-slip islands are
randomly distributed. It is found that, to lowest order in the area fraction
covered by free-slip regions with characteristic size , a
macroscopic Navier-type slip condition emerges with a slip length of the order
of . The study is motivated by recent experiments which suggest that
gas nano-bubbles may form on solid walls and may be responsible for the
appearance of a partial slip boundary conditions for liquid flow. The results
are also relevant for ultra-hydrophobic surfaces exploiting the so-called
``lotus effect''.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figur
Self-organization of ultrasound in viscous fluids
We report the theoretical and experimental demonstration of pattern formation
in acoustics. The system is an acoustic resonator containing a viscous fluid.
When the system is driven by an external periodic force, the ultrasonic field
inside the cavity experiences different pattern-forming instabilities leading
to the emergence of periodic structures. The system is also shown to possess
bistable regimes, in which localized states of the ultrasonic field develop.
The thermal nonlinearity in the viscous fluid, together with the
far-from-equilibrium conditions, are is the responsible of the observed
effects
Quantum signatures in laser-driven relativistic multiple-scattering
The dynamics of an electronic Dirac wave packet evolving under the influence
of an ultra-intense laser pulse and an ensemble of highly charged ions is
investigated numerically. Special emphasis is placed on the evolution of
quantum signatures from single to multiple scattering events. We quantify the
occurrence of quantum relativistic interference fringes in various situations
and stress their significance in multiple-particle systems, even in the
relativistic range of laser-matter interaction.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX, revtex
Momentum dependence in the dynamically assisted Sauter-Schwinger effect
Recently it has been found that the superposition of a strong and slow
electric field with a weaker and faster pulse can significantly enhance the
probability for non-perturbative electron-positron pair creation out of the
vacuum -- the dynamically assisted Sauter-Schwinger effect. Via the WKB method,
we estimate the momentum dependence of the pair creation probability and
compare it to existing numerical results. Besides the theoretical interest, a
better understanding of this pair creation mechanism should be helpful for the
planned experiments aiming at its detection.Comment: 4 pages RevTeX, 1 figur
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