Panel discussion: Effective bullying intervention

This panel discussion was one of the sessions in the International Multidisciplinary Perspective Research in Education and Social Sciences (IMPRESS21) conference that took place on 7-9 September 2021. The panel discussion focused on the concept of bullying, various types of bullying, awareness of bullying among children, the role of different contenders in bullying, and effective prevention strategies for bullying problems. The panel members were Professor Sefa Bulut (Ibn Haldun University, Başakşehir, Istanbul, Turkey) whose work focuses on the trauma and school violence relationship. The second panelist was Assistant Prof. Thseen Nazir (Ibn Haldun University, Başakşehir, Istanbul, Turkey), whose specialization focus on school bullying, role of different contenders and culture in bullying behavior, and prevention studies and the third panelist was Assistant Prof. Nadire Yildiz (Istanbul Medipol University) whose research interest focuses on mentorship programs with at-risk youth as a preventive intervention strategy. The panel discussion provided a conceptualization and understanding of bullying concepts and their prevention for school-age children. The panelists provided some insight into the nature of bullying, the underlying problems, causes, and consequences of the problems, and the effective prevention and evidence-based prevention programs for school-age children

The effects of taxifolin on neuropathy related with hyperglycemia and neuropathic pain in rats: A biochemical and histopathological evaluation

Background. Hyperglycemia can be considered a determining factor in the development of diabetic neuropathy as well as neuropathic pain. There is a relationship between the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathic pain. Taxifolin, on the other hand, is a flavonoid that has been documented to inhibit ROS production. Objectives. To investigate the effects of taxifolin, which has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, on alloxan-induced hyperglycemia-induced neuropathy and neuropathic pain, biochemically and histopathologically. Materials and methods. The albino Wistar male rats were divided into 3 groups: Healthy group (HG), only alloxan group (AXG) and alloxan+taxifolin group (ATG). Hyperglycemia in animals was caused through intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg. Paw pain thresholds of animals were measured using Basile algesimeter. Sciatic nerve tissues were examined biochemically and histopathologically in order to evaluate neuropathy. Results. Our experimental results revealed that taxifolin significantly prevented the increase of plasma glucose concentration level with alloxan administration, the decrease of the paw pain threshold related to hyperglycemia, the change of oxidant-antioxidant balance in the sciatic nerve tissue in favor of oxidants, and the deterioration of tissue morphology in animals. Conclusions. Our experimental results indicate that taxifolin alleviates alloxan-induced hyperglycemia-related neuropathy and neuropathic pain

Okul öncesi çocuklarda erken çocukluk çağı çürüklerine etki eden faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Çalışma

Giriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, erken çocukluk çağı çürüklerinin (EÇÇ) şiddetinin ve sıklığının değerlendirilerek sosyoekonomik şartlar, eğitim ve yaşam alışkanlıkları parametreleri ile ilişkisinin belirlenmesidir.Yöntem ve Gereçler: Bu araştırma İzmir Eğitim Diş Hastanesi Çocuk Diş Kliniğine muayene için başvuran yaşları 3-5 arasında olan 251 çocuk üzerinde yürütüldü. Hastaların ağız içi muayeneleri yapılarak çürük durumu Dünya Sağlık Örgütü kriterlerine göre tespit edildi. Anne-baba ve çocuklara ait demografik bilgiler, çocukların beslenme ve ağız hijyeni alışkanlıklarına ait veriler anket formlarına kaydedildi. İstatistiksel değerlendirme Ki Kare, Kruskal Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U testleri kullanılarak yapıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık p<0.05 olarak kabul edildi.Bulgular: EÇÇ sıklığı %90 (226/251), Şiddetli-EÇÇ (Ş-EÇÇ) sıklığı %61 (153/251), dmft ve dmfs indeksi değerleri ise sırasıyla 5,65±3,83 ve 9,37±7,21 olarak bulundu. EÇÇ ve Ş-EÇÇ varlığı; cinsiyet (p=0,460), ailenin eğitim seviyesi (p=0,200) ve gelir seviyesi (p=0,761) ile değerlendirildiğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değilken, 1-2 yaşına kadar geceleri beslenen çocuklarda (p<0,001), günde 3 kereden fazla şekerli gıda tüketimi yapan çocuklarda (p<0,001), dişlerini fırçalamayan çocuklarda (p<0,001) ve ebeveyn yardımı almadan dişlerini fırçalayan çocuklarda (p<0,001) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde saptandı. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Ailelerin ağız sağlığı/hijyen konusunda eğitilmesi ve çocuklarına yardımcı olmaları için motive edilmeleri önerilmektedir

The Impact of Infant Feeding and Oral Hygiene Habits on Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationshipbetween the Early Childhood Caries (ECC)/severe-ECC (S-ECC) and prolongedbreast‑feeding (BF), bottle‑feeding, and oral hygiene habits in 0‑year‑old to5-year-old Turkish children. Patients and Methods: Dental examinations wereperformed on 255 patients to determine the prevalence of the ECC and theS‑ECC as per the definition of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.To predict the progress rate of caries, noncavitated and cavitated lesion scoreswere assessed by using the International caries detection and assessmentsystem II criteria. Information on infant feeding practices, oral hygiene habits,maternal characteristics, and demographic features were gathered by means ofa questionnaire. The results were statistically evaluated. Results: There were noassociations between BF duration, night‑time BF, bottle‑feeding, and the ECC. Andthere were also no associations between BF duration, night‑time BF, bottle‑feeding,and the S-ECC. Cavitated lesions were more common in children breastfed at nightfor 18-23 months compared to 12-17 months (P = 0.031). Sweetened bottle wasan impact factor on caries experience (P = 0.042). A significant correlation wasfound for dmft, S-ECC, and the cavitated lesions regarding sugar consumption (P= .001, P = .002, and P = .001, respectively). Early introduction to tooth-brushingand regular dental visits were significantly effective in reducing the ECC (P &lt; .001and P &lt; .001, respectively). Conclusion: BF and bottle‑feeding practices were notassociated with the ECC/S-ECC. Sweetened bottles and sugary foods are strongrisk factors for the ECC/S-ECC.</p