Quantifying riparian canopy energy attenuation and stream temperature using an energy balance approach

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on May 26, 2011).The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file.Thesis advisor: Dr. Jason Hubbart.Includes bibliographical references.M.S. University of Missouri--Columbia 2011.Forested riparian buffers play an important role in modulating stream water quality, including temperature. Few studies have quantified the relationship between stream temperature and canopy cover in the climatologically distinct deciduous forests of the central U.S. Hydroclimate data were collected from two intensively instrumented stream reaches of opposite orthogonal compass orientation in a semi-karst watershed on the border of southern Missouri's Ozark region, USA, during the 2010 water year. Data were compared to above canopy reference measurements to calculate an energy budget for each stream reach. Average leaf area index (LAI) during the year was 2.64 in the riparian zone adjacent to the E-W oriented reach, and 2.43 in the N-S reach riparian zone. Air temperature and relative humidity transect data analysis indicated that riparian microclimate was significantly different ([alpha]=0.01) from the stream edge 25 or 40 meters away for 3 of 4 transects. Average stream discharge was 0.15 m3/ and 0.25 m3/s within the E-W and N-S reaches respectively. Mean stream temperature was greatest in August and was 24.4 [degrees]C in the E-W reach and 24.0 [degrees]C in the N-S reach. Net shortwave radiation was the primary energy flux causing stream heating (average 44.7 W/m2 for E-W reach and 46.8 W/m2 for N-S reach). Results suggest that riparian management practices in Missouri should potentially be altered to include wider buffers (40 meters) with less thinning (density dependent on stream size and discharge) to maintain pre-harvest stream temperature regimes

Habitat Ecology, Species Presense, and Public Perception of Three Declining Bat Species in Southeastern Missouri

The populations of three bat species, the Northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis), tricolored bat (Per­imyotis subflavus), and little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), have declined in southeastern Missouri since the in­troduction of white-nose syndrome (WNS) in 2012. The current maternity habitat of the remaining populations in the counties of Shannon, Carter, and Reynolds are unknown. In order to provide protection and conservation for the species, it is critical that their maternity roosts be identified. To achieve these goals, we will incorporate bat survey tools such as acoustic surveys, acoustic lures, and mist netting within the three counties to determine spe­cies occupancy and roost locations. During our pilot season in 2018, we were unable to capture our target species but acoustically recorded likely P. subflavus echolocation calls. The next two summers of research will occur within the same counties but include a larger survey area. Beginning in 2019, we will assess the perceived attitudes of bats based on the results of a survey given to local citizens within the study areas to bolster bat conservation and education

Characterization of Livestock Odors Using Steel Plates, Solid Phase Microextraction, and Multidimensional-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Olfactometry

Livestock odor characterization is one of the most challenging analytical tasks. This is because odor-causing gases are often present at very low concentrations in a complex matrix of less important or irrelevant gases. The objective of this project was to develop a set of characteristic reference odors from a swine barn in Iowa, and in the process identify compounds causing characteristic swine odor. Odor samples were collected using a novel sampling methodology consisting of clean steel plates exposed inside and around the swine barn for up to one week. Steel plates were then transported to the laboratory and stored in clean jars. Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used to extract characteristic odorants collected on the plates. All analyses were conducted on a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)-Olfactometry system where the human nose is used as a detector simultaneously with chemical analysis via MS. The effects of sampling time, distance from a source, and the presence of particulate matter (PM) on the abundance of specific gases, odor intensity, and odor character were tested. Steel plates were effectively able to collect key volatile compounds and odorants. The abundance of specific gases and odor was amplified when plates collected PM. The results of this research indicate that PM is major carrier of odor and several key swine odorants. Three odor panelists were consistent in identifying p-cresol as closely resembling characteristic swine odor as well as attributing the largest odor response out of the samples to p-cresol. Further research is warranted to determine how the control of PM emissions from swine housing could affect odor emissions

Characterizing the scent and chemical composition of Panthera leo marking fluid using solid-phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-olfactometry

Lions (Panthera leo) use chemical signaling to indicate health, reproductive status, and territorial ownership. To date, no study has reported on both scent and composition of marking fluid (MF) from P. leo. The objectives of this study were to: 1) develop a novel method for simultaneous chemical and scent identification of lion MF in its totality (urine + MF), 2) identify characteristic odorants responsible for the overall scent of MF as perceived by human panelists, and 3) compare the existing library of known odorous compounds characterized as eliciting behaviors in animals in order to understand potential functionality in lion behavior. Solid-phase microextraction and simultaneous chemical-sensory analyses with multidimensional gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry improved separating, isolating, and identifying mixed (MF, urine) compounds versus solvent-based extraction and chemical analyses. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine, 4-methylphenol, and 3-methylcyclopentanone were isolated and identified as the compounds responsible for the characteristic odor of lion MF. Twenty-eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from MF were identified, adding a new list of compounds previously unidentified in lion urine. New chemicals were identified in nine compound groups: ketones, aldehydes, amines, alcohols, aromatics, sulfur-containing compounds, phenyls, phenols, and volatile fatty acids. Twenty-three VOCs are known semiochemicals that are implicated in attraction, reproduction, and alarm-signaling behaviors in other species

MGMT 360 Business Communication

Course syllabus for MGMT 360C Business Communicatio

Characterization of Livestock Odors Using Steel Plates, Solid-Phase Microextraction, and Multidimensional Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry–Olfactometry

Livestock operations are associated with emissions of odor, gases, and particulate matter (PM). Livestock odor characterization is one of the most challenging analytical tasks. This is because odor-causing gases are often present at very low concentrations in a complex matrix of less important or irrelevant gases. The objective of this project was to develop a set of characteristic reference odors from a swine barn in Iowa and, in the process, identify compounds causing characteristic swine odor. Odor samples were collected using a novel sampling methodology consisting of clean steel plates exposed inside and around the swine barn for ≤1 week. Steel plates were then transported to the laboratory and stored in clean jars. Head-space solid-phase microextraction was used to extract characteristic odorants collected on the plates. All of the analyses were conducted on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry system where the human nose is used as a detector simultaneously with chemical analysis via mass spectrometry. Multidimensional chromatography was used to isolate and identify chemicals with high-characteristic swine odor. The effects of sampling time, distance from a source, and the presence of PM on the abundance of specific gases, odor intensity, and odor character were tested. Steel plates were effectively able to collect key volatile compounds and odorants. The abundance of specific gases and odor was amplified when plates collected PM. The results of this research indicate that PM is major carrier of odor and several key swine odorants. Three odor panelists were consistent in identifying p-cresol as closely resembling characteristic swine odor, as well as attributing to p-cresol the largest odor response out of the samples. Further research is warranted to determine how the control of PM emissions from swine housing could affect odor emissions.This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis as Bulliner IV, Edward A., Jacek A. Koziel, Lingshuang Cai, and Donald Wright. "Characterization of livestock odors using steel plates, solid-phase microextraction, and multidimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–olfactometry." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 56, no. 10 (2006): 1391-1403. DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464547. Posted with permission.</p