Crustal fault reactivation facilitating lithospheric folding/buckling in the central Indian Ocean

High-quality, normal-incidence seismic reflection data confirm that tectonic deformation in the central Indian Ocean occurs at two spatial scales: whole lithosphere folding with wavelengths varying between 100 and 300 km, and compressional reactivation of crustal faults with a characteristic spacing of c. 5 km. Faults penetrate through the crust and probably into the upper mantle. Both types of deformation are driven by regional large intraplate stresses originating from the Indo-Eurasian collision. Numerical modelling of the spatial and temporal relationships between these two modes of deformations shows that, in agreement with geophysical observations, crustal faults are reactivated first with stick-slip behaviour. Subsequent lithospheric folding does not start until horizontal loading has significantly reduced the mechanical strength of the lithosphere, as predicted by elasto-plastic buckling theory. Modelling suggests that lithospheric folding does not develop in the absence of fault reactivation. Crustal fault reactivation, therefore, appears to be a key facilitating mechanism for oceanic lithospheric buckling in the central Indian Ocean

Letter of Support from Parents of a UMaine Student

Typed letter from Mr. and Mrs. F. L. Bull expressing support for the Civil Rights of homosexual students attending the University of Maine

High-temperature oxidation of nickel-based alloys and estimation of the adhesion strength of resulting oxide layers

The kinetics of isothermal oxidation (1100°C) of commercial nickel-based alloys with different content of sulfur (0.22–3.2 wt ppm) is studied. The adhesion strength in a metal/oxide system is estimated as a function of sulfur content and duration of high-temperature exposure. The scratch-test technique is proposed to quantitatively estimate the work of adhesion of resulting oxide films. It is found that the film microstructure is composed of an inner α-Al2O3 layer and an outer NiAl2O4 spinel layer, which are separated by discrete inclusions of TiO2. Residual stresses in the oxide film are experimentally determined by X-ray diffraction. spinel layer, which are separated by discrete inclusions of TiO2. Residual stresses in the oxide film are experimentally determined by X-ray diffractio

Outdoor Recreation Enterprises - A New Source of Income in Iowa

Higher incomes and more free time create greater demand for outdoor recreation. In response to this demand, some farm owners are using part of their land to develop recreation facilities

Flight test pilot evaluation of a delayed flap approach procedure

Using NASA's CV-990 aircraft, a delayed flap approach procedure was demonstrated to nine guest pilots from the air transport industry. Four demonstration flights and 37 approaches were conducted under VFR weather conditions. A limited pilot evaluation of the delayed flap procedure was obtained from pilot comments and from questionaires they completed. Pilot acceptability, pilot workload, and ATC compatibility were quantitatively rated. The delayed flap procedure was shown to be feasible, and suggestions for further development work were obtained