Prognosis of yard area landscaping condition due to reconstruction by the example of Krasnoufimsk city

Annotation. At the present time the federal program of improvement of yard areas in Sverdlovsk region is coming into effect. Therefore, a compound landscape analysis of project areas was held and the consequences of their reconstruction were assessed. The main attention was paid to the parameters which reflect the balance of the territory: the area of roads, driveways, sidewalks, children's playgrounds, landscaping, including separately taken into account area under the lawn. Results of the research confirm that the reconstruction will reduce the area of green territories. Due to reconstruction, the share occupied by green areas, is reduced three times in two out of three of investigated yards. And only in one yard the reduction is not so significant - only by 15 %. The positive aspect implemented in all yards is a specific separation of the children's playground. The project also includes complete removal of large trees and their replacement with a few shrubs. Eventually the research of yard area landscaping projects proves that tree-and-shrub's planting is not prioritized and, unfortunately, due to reconstruction will be presented in a much more simplified version compared to the existing one, thus it will negatively affect the environmental situation of the city. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Current trends in developing education funding in the russian federation

The article aims to analyze theoretical and practical aspects of developing education funding mechanism as a business tool to provide availability of higher professional education in the Russian Federation, taking into consideration the support provided by the state for education funding in order to solve social and economic problems, motivate and support national banking sector. Successful implementation of education funding programmes largely depends on the degree to which the prospective credit party, the banking institution and the state respect each other's interests. Russian banks tend to underestimate education funding potential as a possible way to receive alternative revenue by adding this programme to the product line. The demand for education services is not especially high, but it still exists and is expected to grow in the years to follow. This is above all due to the fact that higher education becomes predominantly fee-based. The results of this analysis allowed us to identify trends and future prospects of developing student loan projects

Key Developments And Trends In Project Finance Market

The article comprises a set of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the concept of "project financing", and identifies some trends of development of the real sector in the project financing market of the Russian Federation and some prospects for growth of the realized deals in the project financing market. It also presents an overview of advantages of project financing transactions and assumes the main risks usually involved in such transactions. This article focuses on the role of banks in project financing and reveals some obstacles interfering intensification of production investment. It is assumed that project financing as a type of banking service is an effective tool for engagement in the modern economy. The work done in the course of the analysis allows developing a software product for financial modeling of the project giving the opportunity to assess the effectiveness of investment and construction projects under risky conditions in the market of real estate

Multiple intrasyntenic rearrangements and rapid speciation in voles

Abstract Remarkably stable genomic chromosome elements (evolutionary conserved segments or syntenies) are the basis of large-scale chromosome architecture in vertebrate species. However, these syntenic elements harbour evolutionary important changes through intrachromosomal rearrangements such as inversions and centromere repositioning. Here, using FISH with a set of 20 region-specific probes on a wide array of 28 species, we analyzed evolution of three conserved syntenic regions of the Arvicolinae ancestral karyotype. Inside these syntenies we uncovered multiple, previously cryptic intrachromosomal rearrangements. Although in each of the three conserved blocks we found inversions and centromere repositions, the blocks experienced different types of rearrangements. In two syntenies centromere repositioning predominated, while in the third region, paracentric inversions were more frequent, whereas pericentric inversions were not detected. We found that some of the intrachromosomal rearrangements, mainly paracentric inversions, were synapomorphic for whole arvicoline genera or tribes: genera Alexandromys and Microtus, tribes Ellobini and Myodini. We hypothesize that intrachromosomal rearrangements within conserved syntenic blocks are a major evolutionary force modulating genome architecture in species-rich and rapidly-evolving rodent taxa. Inversions and centromere repositioning may impact speciation and provide a potential link between genome evolution, speciation, and biogeography

Application of the Rapid Linear Immune-Electrophoresis for Differentiation between Burkholderia

Objective of the study was to develop a method that would allow for rapid linear immune-electrophoresis to differentiate between pathogenic agents of glanders and melioidosis and non-pathogenic closely-related Burkholderia . The put-forward modification of the technique made it possible to detect the antigens of pathogenic B. pseudomallei and B. mallei due to the presence of precipitation lines in between the sample gel and the one with immune sera. B. thailandensis, B. cepacia, and B. gladioli did not form such precipitation lines, which in its turn provided for the possibility to differentiate between the mentioned ones and pathogenic Burkholderia. The rapid enhanced linear immune-electrophoresis is easy to perform and compelling, and takes little time. It is qualified for identification of heterogenic and specific antigens in Burkholderia , selection of immune sera containing antibodies to the existing antigens, and can be used as a supportive alternative analytical means for the detection of antigens of pathogenic Burkholderia

Comparative Analysis of Immunochemical Methods Applied for Studies of Pathogenic Burkholderia Antigens

Studied are immunochemical properties of antigen preparations, the spectrum and molar masses of the components contained. Demonstrated is the significance of vertical SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion test, immunoelectrophoresis assay, rocket immunoelectrophoresis with specific sera for identification and differentiation of Burkholderia. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis should be viewed as the most informative method which allows for differentiation between pathogenic and non-pathogenic for humans Burkholderia under usual terms

Advancement in the pressureless sintering of CP titanium using high-frequency induction heating

High-frequency induction heating is applied as an alternative heating source for pressureless sintering of commercially pure Ti powders, aiming to intensify the sintering process. The effects of the process parameters on the properties of the sintered material are systematically studied. The initial powder compact density is the most influential parameter permitting sintered structures with highly porous to almost fully dense appearance. Short heating time combined with sintering to temperatures just above the β-transus resulted in a strong diffusion bonding between the Ti powder particles, and grain growth is observed at the former boundaries of the neighboring powder particles. The dimpled appearance of the fracture surface at those regions confirmed the strong metallic interparticle bonding. Tensile properties comparable to those of Ti-Grade 3 and Ti-Grade 4 are achieved, which also demonstrates the efficiency of the induction sintering process. A mechanism explaining the fast and efficient sintering is proposed. The process has the added advantage of minimizing the oxygen pickup

Widespread Translocation from Autosomes to Sex Chromosomes Preserves Genetic Variability in an Endangered Lark

Species that pass repeatedly through narrow population bottlenecks (<100 individuals) are likely to have lost a large proportion of their genetic variation. Having genotyped 92 Raso larks Alauda razae, a Critically Endangered single-island endemic whose world population in the Cape Verdes over the last 100 years has fluctuated between about 15 and 130 pairs, we found variation at 7 of 21 microsatellite loci that successfully amplified, the remaining loci being monomorphic. At 6 of the polymorphic loci variation was sex-linked, despite the fact that these microsatellites were not sex-linked in the other passerine birds where they were developed. Comparative analysis strongly suggests that material from several different autosomes has been recently transferred to the sex chromosomes in larks. Sex-linkage might plausibly allow some level of heterozygosity to be maintained, even in the face of persistently small population sizes

Contrasting and congruent patterns of genetic structuring in two Microtus vole species using museum specimens

The common vole (Microtus arvalis) and the field vole (Microtus agrestis) are morphologically similar species but are ecological distinctive and differ in the details of their evolutionary history as revealed by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The aim of this study is to describe patterns of genetic variability using microsatellite markers in populations of the common and field vole in Poland using museum specimens, to assess the degree of congruence with mtDNA variation and thereby determine the factors that influence current patterns of gene flow. We genotyped 190 individuals of the common vole at 11 loci and 190 individuals of the field vole at 13 loci. Overall differentiation based on F ST was higher for the common vole than in the field vole. We detected a significant isolation by distance pattern for both species. Bayesian analysis in STRUCTURE identified Eastern and Western geographic groups in Poland based on microsatellites for both species. The location of river barriers is likely to be the main factor in these partitions. The eastern-western subdivision with microsatellites does not coincide with the distribution of mtDNA lineages for either species. Unlike previous studies in the common and field vole elsewhere in Europe, we found no evidence of reproductive isolation between the mtDNA lineages of these species at their contact zones in Poland. This study highlights the different roles of evolutionary history and landscape in shaping contemporary genetic structure in voles in Poland