4 research outputs found
ΠΠ²ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Introduction. The relationship between religiosity and adaptation is an important issue in the psychology of religion. The present study introduces a heuristic model integrating these phenomena. The model components are organized in a two-dimensional space, where extreme points indicate the intensity of the phenomena. The study revealed four types of relationship: (1) external religiousness β adaptation, (2) external religiosity β desadaptation, (3) internal religiousness β adaptation, and (4) internal religiousness β desadaptation.
Methods. The data statistical processing included the following steps: (a) checking the adequacy of graphically presenting the model, (b) checking the hypothesis of the differentiation of adaptation strategies depending on their location on the coordinate plane of the geometric space of the model, (c) revealing the content of adaptation/desadaptation variables.
Results. The adequacy of graphically presenting the constructed model gained empirical confirmation. Combinations of the parameters of adaptation/desadaptation and external/internal religiosity led to specific behavior types. Desadaptation resulted from external religiosity and the adaptation strategy of βleaving the environment and searching for a new oneβ, without the desire for change in the environment or self-changing. Adequate responses to changes in the environment led to adaptation. However, religion did not characterize the individualβs adaptation.
Discussion. The presented model can be a form of cognitive scheme which simplifies the internal processing of life experience. The paper describes prospects for further research.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΈ β Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ². Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ: Β«Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ β Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ», Β«Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ β Π΄Π΅Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ», Β«Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ β Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ», Β«Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ β Π΄Π΅Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ».
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ°ΠΏΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΡ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°Π» Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Β«Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ»/Β«Π΄Π΅Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ».
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π» Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Β«Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ»/Β«Π΄Π΅Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ» ΠΈ Β«Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΒ»/Β«Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉΒ» ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ» ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉΒ», ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. Π Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Bioprinting of functional vascularized mouse thyroid gland construct.
Bioprinting can be defined as additive biofabrication of 3D tissues and organ constructs using tissue spheroids, capable of self-assembly, as building blocks. Thyroid gland, a relatively simple endocrine organ, is suitable for testing the proposed bioprinting technology. Here we report the bioprinting of functional vascularized mouse thyroid gland construct from embryonic tissue spheroids as a proof of concept. Based on the self-assembly principle, we generated thyroid tissue starting from thyroid spheroids (TS) and allantoic spheroids (AS), as a source of thyrocytes and endothelial cells (EC), respectively. Inspired by mathematical modelling of spheroid fusion, we used an original 3D bioprinter to print TS in close association with AS within collagen hydrogel. During the culture, closely placed embryonic tissue spheroids fused into a single integral construct, endothelial cells from AS invaded and vascularized TS, and epithelial cells from the TS progressively formed follicles. In this experimental setting, we observed formation of capillary network around follicular cells, as observed during in utero thyroid development when thyroid epithelium controls the recruitment, invasion and expansion of EC around follicles. To prove that EC from AS are responsible for vascularization of thyroid gland construct, we depleted endogenous EC from thyroid spheroids before bioprinting. EC from allantoic spheroids completely revascularized depleted thyroid tissue. Cultured bioprinted construct was functional as it could normalize blood thyroxin levels and body temperature after grafting under the kidney capsule of hypothyroid mice. Bioprinting of functional vascularized mouse thyroid gland construct represents further advance in bioprinting technology exploring self-assembling properties of tissue spheroids
Bioprinting of a functional vascularized mouse thyroid gland construct
Bioprinting can be defined as additive biofabrication of 3D tissues and organ constructs using tissue spheroids, capable of self-assembly, as building blocks. Thyroid gland, a relatively simple endocrine organ, is suitable for testing the proposed bioprinting technology. Here we report the bioprinting of functional vascularized mouse thyroid gland construct from embryonic tissue spheroids as a proof of concept. Based on the self-assembly principle, we generated thyroid tissue starting from thyroid spheroids (TS) and allantoic spheroids (AS), as a source of thyrocytes and endothelial cells (EC), respectively. Inspired by mathematical modelling of spheroid fusion, we used an original 3D bioprinter to print TS in close association with AS within collagen hydrogel. During the culture, closely placed embryonic tissue spheroids fused into a single integral construct, endothelial cells from AS invaded and vascularized TS, and epithelial cells from the TS progressively formed follicles. In this experimental setting, we observed formation of capillary network around follicular cells, as observed during in utero thyroid development when thyroid epithelium controls the recruitment, invasion and expansion of EC around follicles. To prove that EC from AS are responsible for vascularization of thyroid gland construct, we depleted endogenous EC from thyroid spheroids before bioprinting. EC from allantoic spheroids completely revascularized depleted thyroid tissue. Cultured bioprinted construct was functional as it could normalize blood thyroxin levels and body temperature after grafting under the kidney capsule of hypothyroid mice. Bioprinting of functional vascularized mouse thyroid gland construct represents further advance in bioprinting technology exploring self-assembling properties of tissue spheroids
Discovery of Novel Highly Potent Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Inhibitor (AV4025)
A series
of next in class small-molecule hepatitis C virus (HCV)
NS5A inhibitors with picomolar potency containing 2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-5-{4-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1<i>H</i>-imidazol-5-yl)Βbuta-1,3-diynyl]Βphenyl}-1<i>H</i>-imidazole cores was designed based on the SAR studies available
for the reported NS5A inhibitors. Compound <b>13a</b> (AV4025),
with (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-stereochemistry (EC<sub>50</sub> = 3.4 Β± 0.2 pM,
HCV replicon genotype 1b), was dramatically more active than were
the compounds with two (<i>S</i>)- and two (<i>R</i>)-chiral centers. Human serum did not significantly reduce the antiviral
activity (<4-fold). Relatively favorable pharmacokinetic features
and good oral bioavailability were observed during animal studies.
Compound <b>13a</b> was well tolerated in rodents (in mice,
LD<sub>50</sub> = 2326 mg/kg or higher), providing a relatively high
therapeutic index. During safety, pharmacology and subchronic toxicity
studies in rats and dogs, it was not associated with any significant
pathological or clinical findings. This compound is currently being
evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of HCV infection