Study on the Development of Embryo and Larva of the Humpback Grouper (Cromileptes Altivelis Valencee) and its Feeding Behaviour

A series of experiments were conducted to determine 1) the embryonic and larval development, 2) feeding performance and 3) weaning of humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis, larva. The above study was carried out from spawning of broodstocks to obtain the fertilized eggs till they hatched. The results showed that the mean diameter of humpback grouper egg was 828.69 ± 45.91 um. The fertilized eggs hatched in 20 hour 10 minutes at the temperature of 27 to 28°C. The hatched larvae had a mean length of 1.86 mm, and a mean height of 0.460 mm. The yolk sacs and oil droplets were totally utilized after 63 and 65 hour after hatching (HAH), respectively. Within one day, the larvae had an average length and height of 2.253 mm and 0.615 mm, respectively. At 49 DAH, the mean length and height increased to 27.153 mm and 9.190 mm respectively. The spines on the larvae began to appear at day 7 to day 1 0. The dorsal spines reached their maximum length at day 28 to day 30, and the spines had a maximum mean length of 5668.30 um, while the ventral spines had a maximum mean length of 4415.44 11m at day 25-28. Then the spines began to reduce and change to hard rays as the larvae grew. The eyes pigments started to be visible at day 3 to day 4 after hatching (DAH). The larvae's mouths were opened for the first time at day 2 or 45 HAH. The relationship of mouth gape and eyes diameter was quadratic with an equation of MG = -02E-05Ed2 + 0.3992Ed + 215.05 and R2 = 0.96. Appearance of black spots at the caudal peduncle, dorsal fin and anal fin occurred between day 25 to day 30. These spots would increase in numbers and would spread towards the head and became perfected at day 40 to day 45, and they would look similar to the juvenile fish. The teeth of humpback grouper fish larvae began to appear at day 15, but those teeth were still few in numbers and were short. The height and width of larvae teeth increased as the larvae grew. At day 30, the larvae teeth got closer with a mean height and width of 110.18 um and 40.13 um respectively. Histologically, no fold occurred in the larvae digestive tract yet before they reach 5 days old. The incipient stomach began to be visible at day 30. The larvae's stomachs were perfected at 45 DAH. The liver began to be visible at day 5, while the pancreas was visible at day 10. The protease enzyme activity increased as the larvae grew

Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer

The cancer stem cell theory suggests that tumors grow like normal tissues of the body, with stem cells at the starting point of an organized system that produces new cells to make a tissue grow. According to this idea, tumors contain: Cancer stem cells that divide and feed tumour growth. These cells can self-renew (copy themselves) extensively, and also produce more mature cells called transit amplifying cells-..

Rayleigh Scattering in Rare Gas Liquids

The Rayleigh scattering length has been calculated for rare-gas liquids in the ultraviolet for the frequencies at which they luminesce. The calculations are based on the measured dielectric constants in the gas phase, except in the case of xenon for which measurements are available in the liquid. The scattering length mayplace constraints on the design of some large-scale detectors, using uv luminescence, being proposed to observe solar neutrinos and dark matter. Rayleigh scattering in mixtures of rare-gas mixtures is also discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 4 tables; This version corrects erratum in table and has expanded discussion in Section II. Accepred for publication in NIM

Liquid Smoke Production Quality from Raw Materials Variation and Different Pyrolysis Temperature

This research is intended to know liquid smoke chemical and physical characteristics quality acquired from pyrolysis from various raw materials with different temperature level. The making of liquid smoke is done through pyrolysis process with temperature level 100 ± 10oC;  200 ± 10oC; 300±10oC;  and 400±10oC for 5 hour. This research is done experimentally by using complete random design on factorial pattern 3 x 4 with 3 repetition. Factor A is raw materials type that consists of coconut fibre, coconut shell and cinnamon while factor B is temperature level. The observed parameter consists of liquid smoke physical characteristic that consists of equipment performance, density, rendement, degree of acidity and chemical characteristic that consists of water-content, titrated acid total, phenol-content, carbonyl-content and benzo(a)pyren-content. The result of research shows that there is a very actual interaction (P<0,01) between using raw materials type with pyrolysis temperature level toward equipment performance, density, rendement, degree of acidity, water-content, titrated acid total, phenol-content, carbonyl-content and benzo(a)pyren-content. The best liquid smoke production quality can be found in raw materials cinnamon treatment on temperature level 400±10oC, which is pyrolysis equipment performance 16,29 ml/hour.meter, density 1,017 g/ml, rendement 38,78%, pH 3,503, titrated acid total 0,72 %, phenol-content 0,57 %, carbonyl-content 4,13 %, benzo(a)pyren-content 0,04 ppm. Based on the result of this research, it can be concluded that using cinnamon with level pyrolysis temperature 400±10oC is better used rather than coconut fibre and coconut shell because of its lowest benzo(a)pyren-content

Feed efficiency with the addition of probiotics for asang fish fry, Osteochilus vittatus, CV

The purpose of this study was to determine the addition of probiotics in commercial feed to the growth and survival of Asang fish (Osteochilus vittatus CV) fry. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The test fish used were 120 fish with a size ranging from 5-8 cm. The test fish were kept in a waring cage made of a type of paralon frame with a size of 40 x 40 x 45 cm. The treatment in this study was A (without probiotics), treatment B (addition of probiotic 10 ml/kg of feed), treatment C (addition of probiotic 20 ml/kg of feed), and treatment D (addition of probiotics 30 ml/kg of feed). From the results of this study, the highest specific growth rate was found in treatment D (6.66 ± 1.15 g), while the mean survival was 100% for all treatments. The highest FCR of fish fry was found in treatment A namely 1.43 ± 0.22, and the lowest in treatment D namely 1.12 ± 0.21, and for feed efficiency in treatment D, namely 95.24 ± 1.04 %.Keywords:Asang fishEfficiencyGrowthSurviva

Biomarkers and signaling pathways of colorectal cancer stem cells

The progression of colorectal cancer is commonly characterized by accumulation of genetic or epigenetic abnormalities, altering regulation of gene expression as well as normal protein structures and functions. Nonetheless, there are some questions that remain to be elucidated, such as the origin of cancer cells and populations of cells initiating and propagating tumor development. Currently, there are two rival theories describing the process of carcinogenesis. One is the stochastic model, arguing that any cell is capable of initiating and triggering the development of cancer. Meanwhile, the cancer stem cell model hypothesizes that only a small fraction of stem cells possesses cancer-promoting properties. Typically, colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) share the same molecular signaling profiles with normal stem cells or embryonic stem cells, such as Wnt, Notch, TGF-β, and Hedgehog. Nevertheless, CSCs differ from normal stem cells and the bulk of tumor cells in their tumorigenic potential and susceptibility to chemotherapeutic drugs. This may be a possible explanation of the high percentage of cancer recurrence in patients who underwent chemotherapeutic treatment and surgery. This review article focuses on the colorectal cancer stem cell biomarkers and the role of upregulated signaling pathways implicated in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer

Construction of large scale boolean logic based pathways of colorectal cancer stem cells

Despite advances in the post-genomic era, which allowed for generation of an impressive amount of biological data, representing the whole network of biological interactions, gene regulating networks and signaling pathways in a unified temple and coherent way is still a challenging task. Here we performed analysis of upregulated molecular networks found in colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSC)

Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer

The cancer stem cell theory suggests that tumors grow like normal tissues of the body, with stem cells at the starting point of an organized system that produces new cells to make a tissue grow. According to this idea, tumors contain: Cancer stem cells that divide and feed tumour growth. These cells can self-renew (copy themselves) extensively, and also produce more mature cells called transit amplifying cells-..

Фрэнсис Томсон и его “ключ” к древней славянской переводной литературе

The article deals with the academic legacy of Francis Thomson (1935–2021), an outstanding connoisseur of Medieval Slavic literature, who especially distinguished himself in the study of the translated section of this literature. The article also discusses fundamental the prominent academic’s source studies and bibliographic studies, in the course of which he established and described the originals of hundreds and even thousands of translated texts that exist in Church Slavonic. These texts entered the bulk of literature accumulated by South and East Slavs in the period between the 9th and the first quarter of the 18th century. The discoveries of Francis Thomson are first of all reflected in his articles, of which more than one and a half hundred are published, and which are already highly appreciated in Slavistics. His discoveries are also fixed in his famous “cartotheca,” of which little was known, mainly from the words of its creator. This project was conceived first as a “clavis” to the repertoire of Slavic translated literature, but taking into account the rich information contained therein, we can state that it went far beyond its original purpose. The author of the handwritten “cartotheca” worked on it for fifty years, and, already during his lifetime, it turned into a kind of a legend among specialists. Currently, this opus magnum of the researcher is located at the Catholic University of Leuven (Louvain), where its net publication is being prepared. It can be said without exaggeration that further study of the translated literature of the medieval Slavs is unthinkable without taking into account the work of Francis Thomson. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2022.11.1.16Статья посвящена научному наследию Фрэнсиса Томсона (1935–2021), выдающегося знатока славянской средневековой литературы, в особенности прославившегося изучением переводного раздела этой литературы. Обсуждаются фундаментальные источниковедческие и библиографические разыскания слависта, в процессе которых им установлены и описаны оригиналы сотен и даже тысяч переводных текстов на церковно-славянском языке. Они влились в письменность южных и восточных славян на протяжении IX — первой четверти XVIII в. Открытия Фрэнсиса Томсона нашли отражение и в его опубликованных статьях, которых насчитывается более полутора сотен и которые уже по достоинству оценены славистами, и в его знаменитой «картотеке», о которой знали немногие — преимущественно по рассказам ее создателя. Она была задумана как «ключ» к репертуару славянской переводной литературы, но по богатству заключенной там информации вышла далеко за пределы первоначального назначения. Исследователь пополнял свою рукописную «картотеку» на протяжении пятидесяти лет, и среди специалистов она превратилась в легенду еще при его жизни. В настоящее время это главное детище ученого находится в Католическом университете Лёвена (Лувена), где готовится ее сетевая публикация. Можно сказать без преувеличения, что дальнейшее изучение переводной литературы средневековых славян немыслимо без учета трудов Фрэнсиса Томсона. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2022.11.1.1