Melting of sodium clusters in electron irradiated NaCl

In this paper we present the results of the first systematic investigation of the geometrical properties of sodium nanoclusters in NaCl using the combined results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The melting behaviour of the sodium nanoclusters which had been produced in NaCl by electron beam irradiation up to a dose of 200 MGy has been studied by means of DSC. The sodium colloids have been visualized by AFM and their size distribution has been evaluated for two irradiation doses. The DSC scans of the irradiated samples exhibit two melting peaks located at temperatures below the melting temperature of bulk sodium. A phenomenological model has been proposed which explains this behaviour by the existence of two different structural states in the population of sodium colloids. We believe that small sodium clusters inherit the FCC structure from the surrounding Na sublattice in the NaCl matrix. When a small colloid grows, its lattice structure eventually transforms into the BCC structure of bulk sodium. The model results have been compared with the DSC measurements and the transition radius for the two structural states has been estimated.

Systematic UHV-AFM experiments on Na nano-particles and nano-structures in NaCl

Results of systematic AFM (atomic force microscopy) experiments on heavily and moderatly irradiated NaCl samples are presented. The sodium nanoparticles and structures of nanoparticles are poduced in sodium chloride during irradiation. The AFM images of the nanoparticles have been obtained in ultra high vacuum (UHV) in the non-contact mode with an Omicron UHV AFM/STM system. The sizes and arrangements of the observed particles depend on the irradiation conditions. The melting behaviour of the sodium nanoclusters has been studied for these samples by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A phenomenological model has been proposed which explains the observed behaviour by the existence of two different structural states in the population of sodium colloids. AFM measurements of heavily irradiated natural rock salt samples have revealed ring- and chain-like clusters (or agglomerates) of Na colloid particles.

Current-induced phase transition in ballistic Ni nanocontacts

Local phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state in the region of the ballistic Ni nanocontacts (NCs) has been experimentally observed. We found that contact size reduction leads to an increase in the bias voltage at which the local phase transition occurs. Presented theoretical interpretation of this phenomena takes into the account the specificity of the local heating of the ballistic NC and describes the electron's energy relaxation dependences on the applied voltage. The experimental data are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the theory proposed.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

The policy of memory as the tool of a sustainable development of multi-ethnic community: The experience of the Republic of Tatarstan

© The authors. The urgency of the problem under investigation is caused by the scientific and theoretical value and praxiological significance of studying and understanding the positive experience of a multi-ethnic region, associated with sustainable development based on the regulation of interethnic and interconfessional relations. The article aims at defining the place and the role of a large-scale museumification of sacral mnemonic places and the accented scientific and educational activity in the system of a regional policy of the heritage in the conditions of formation of a new political device and cardinal changes in the system of spiritual values in Russia between the late XIX and the early XX centuries. The leading approach used in the research is a systemic and functional method, realized in the "case study method" format by means of mobilization of the concepts "historical memory", "places of memory", "the policy of memory". The large-scale museumification and the scientific and educational activity corresponding to it are defined in the article as systemically important factors in the policy of memory and reconciliation. The main signs of an institutional commemoration connected with aspiration of the counterparty of the policy of memory to adapt opposite traumatic memories within new identity are designated. The research presents the stages and features of the museumification. It is confirmed by the idea of scientific narratives and the use of their results in educational and pedagogical activities as an essential condition of the semantic content of the places of memory. The materials of the article can be used for further development of problems of historical memory, in the process of teaching the humanities, and also formation of the policy in the sphere of the interfaith and interethnic relations

Current-induced Phase Transition in Ni Nanowires

The single ferromagnetic Ni nanowires connecting two contact pads on the silicon oxide surface were fabricated using the scanning probe nanolithography technique based on the nanoindentation of polymethylmethacrylate resist and lift-off process. Wires with height from 9 to 26 nm, wide from 200 to 500 and length from 5 to 13 m were obtained. The atomic and magnetic force microscopy was used to study the morphology and domain structure of the obtained nanowires. Multidomain and single-domain structures depending on the width of the nanowires were observed. Current-induced phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state in the Ni nanowires was observed when studing of current-voltage characteristics of such nanostructures. This phenomenon is explained by the Joule heating of ferromagnetic Ni nanowires by the high-density current over Curie temperature. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3534

The study of organogel formation with cyclo(leucyl-leucine) by the AFM method

This work was supported by the ministry of education and science of russian federation [grant №14.y26.31.0019