Archaeal viruses multiply: temporal screening in a solar saltern

Hypersaline environments around the world are dominated by archaea and their viruses. To date, very little is known about these viruses and their interaction with the host strains when compared to bacterial and eukaryotic viruses. We performed the first culture-dependent temporal screening of haloarchaeal viruses and their hosts in the saltern of Samut Sakhon, Thailand, during two subsequent years (2009, 2010). Altogether we obtained 36 haloarchaeal virus isolates and 36 archaeal strains, significantly increasing the number of known archaeal virus isolates. Interestingly, the morphological distribution of our temporal isolates (head-tailed, pleomorphic, and icosahedral membrane-containing viruses) was similar to the outcome of our previous spatial survey supporting the observations of a global resemblance of halophilic microorganisms and their viruses. Myoviruses represented the most abundant virus morphotype with strikingly broad host ranges. The other viral morphotypes (siphoviruses, as well as pleomorphic and icosahedral internal membrane-containing viruses) were more host-specific. We also identified a group of Halorubrum strains highly susceptible to numerous different viruses (up to 26). This high virus sensitivity, the abundance of broad host range viruses, and the maintenance of infectivity over a period of one year suggest constant interplay of halophilic microorganisms and their viruses within an extreme environment.Peer reviewe

Influence of aligning materials on dielectric behaviour of surface stabilised FLC cells

Proceedings of SPI

Analysis Of Active Harmonic Compensation Algorithms For Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverters

A review of various standards, concerning distributed generation, and different Active Harmonic Compensation (AHC) or Active Power Filtering (APF) methods are presented in this paper. Short overview of each control method is given. The experimentation results from various publications are taken into account evaluating the feasibility of an AHC algorithm to be integrated in a typical commercially available grid-connected Photovoltaic inverter. The comparison results are presented in a table. The results of this paper can be used for further investigation in deciding which particular algorithm to try to implement and experiment with.</p