Conceptualization of services in The Smart City, a Layered Approach

The concept of the Smart City is becoming increasingly popular. In essence, the added value of a Smart City emerges from the harmony of services that realize the foremost goal of the Smart City, which is high quality of living via improved efficiency of city-relevant processes and citizen engagement. However, the services that form a Smart City are nowadays considered in isolation, both in theory and in practice. Moreover, services on different levels of abstraction (key services vs. supportive services) are often depicted side by side without understanding that one is the supportive pillar for one another. This paper identifies the benefits of an integrated view that not only interconnects the services, but also identifies joint layers that they rely on, which helps us to understand the impact of the underlying IT services and the infrastructure they rely on. At the same time, we extend our view to the Smart Citizen, who plays an essential role in the value creation process within the Smart City

A Cross-domain Landscape of ICT Services in Smart Cities

With the rapid growth of emerging technologies and services, smart city has been extensively studied with the development of modern societies. There are various applications and strategic views in different smart city domains such as smart urban planning or smart mobility, for designing smart services. However, it is still very complex to understand the interconnections and mutual influences among city services across the application domains. Therefore, based on a layered model of smart city, this paper investigates the emerging technologies and domain-specific services in a holistic way and plots them in the defined layers, so that the mutual interconnections and similarities can be identified. Our results show which technologies and services are developed in certain domains and also demonstrates how to organize technologies and services in terms of a smart city layered landscape model. The model allows us to compare the similarities and differences in each layer and identify possible interactions of smart services for each smart city layer across different smart city domains