Techno-Economic Analysis of the Production of Liquid Biofuels from Sewage Sludge via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

This work addresses the process and economic performance of the production of gasoline and diesel range fuels from urban sewage sludge. The overall production route involves direct conversion of the sewage sludge to an intermediate oil phase, so-called biocrude, via hydrothermal liquefaction at near-critical water conditions and further upgrading of the biocrude based on conventional refinery processes. The overall mass and energy yields of combined naphtha and middle distillate from sewage sludge on dry basis are approximately 19 and 60%, where the naphtha fraction represents about 45% of the total, with a minimum fuel selling price ranging between 2.4 and 0.8 €/liter assuming full investment in both the biocrude production and upgrading plant with sewage sludge feed capacities in the range of 3 to 30 dry-ton/day. If existing equipment at refinery can be used for upgrading of the biocrude, the minimum fuel selling price can be reduced by approximately 7%.Techno-Economic Analysis of the Production of Liquid Biofuels from Sewage Sludge via Hydrothermal LiquefactionpublishedVersio

Varia 81 E18 Brunlanesprosjektet. Bind 3. Undersøkte lokaliteter fra tidligmesolitikum og senere.

E18 Brunlanesprosjektets undersøkelser er publisert i tre bind. Bind I inneholder bakgrunnen for undersøkelsene, naturhistoriske forutsetninger og kulturhistorisk sammenstilling. Bind II og Bind III (dette bind) inneholder beskrivelser av de enkelte lokalitetene. Prosjektet har i alt undersøkt 12 lokaliteter, hvorav 10 er tidligmesolittiske, 1 er senneolittisk og 1 er fra eldre jernalder. Her i Bind III presenteres de tidligmesolittiske steinalderboplassene Pauler 4, Pauler 6, Pauler 7, Sky 1, Sky 2 og Bakke, den senneolittiske steinalderlokaliteten Nøklegård I og jordbrukssporene på Sky, som er fra eldre jernalder

Effect of intermediate care on mortality following emergency abdominal surgery. The InCare trial: study protocol, rationale and feasibility of a randomised multicentre trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Emergency abdominal surgery carries a 15% to 20% short-term mortality rate. Postoperative medical complications are strongly associated with increased mortality. Recent research suggests that timely recognition and effective management of complications may reduce mortality. The aim of the present trial is to evaluate the effect of postoperative intermediate care following emergency major abdominal surgery in high-risk patients.</p> <p>Methods and design</p> <p>The InCare trial is a randomised, parallel-group, non-blinded clinical trial with 1:1 allocation. Patients undergoing emergency laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery with a perioperative Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 10 or above, who are ready to be transferred to the surgical ward within 24 h of surgery are allocated to either intermediate care for 48 h, or surgical ward care. The primary outcome measure is all-cause 30-day mortality. We aim to enrol 400 patients in seven Danish hospitals. The sample size allows us to detect or refute a 34% relative risk reduction of mortality with 80% power.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This trial evaluates the benefits and possible harm of intermediate care. The results may potentially influence the survival of many high-risk surgical patients. As a pioneer trial in the area, it will provide important data on the feasibility of future large-scale randomised clinical trials evaluating different levels of postoperative care.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01209663</p