Black Hartford: 1843 - 1860

Objectives stated in paper\u27s introduction: I. To determine if material was available on BLack Hartford in periods before the twentieth century II. \u27To obtain and relate knowledge as to the particular procedures necessary and useful in doing research in our area of concern. III . To develop a basic picture of Black Hartford 1343-1860, in its physical, cultural, economic and educational aspects.

A consensus statement on detection of hippocampal sharp wave ripples and differentiation from other fast oscillations

Article suggests that common standards for recording, detection, and reporting for intracranial recordings in humans that suggest their role in episodic and semantic memory does not exist. Authors of the article outline the methodological challenges involved in detecting ripple events and offer practical recommendations to improve separation from other high-frequency oscillations, and argue that shared experimental, detection, and reporting standards will provide a solid foundation for future translational discovery

The effects of problem-oriented policing on crime and disorder

Problem-oriented Policing (POP) was first introduced by Herman Goldstein in 1979. The approach was one of a series of responses to a crisis in effectiveness and legitimacy in policing that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s. Goldstein argued that police were not being effective in preventing and controlling crime because they had become too focused on the “means” of policing and had neglected the “goals” of preventing and controlling crime and other community problems. Goldstein argued that the unit of analysis in policing must become the “problem” rather than calls or crime incidents as was the case during that period. POP has had tremendous impact on American policing, and is now one of the most widely implemented policing strategies in the US. To synthesize the extant problem-oriented policing evaluation literature and assess the effects of problem-oriented policing on crime and disorder Eligible studies had to meet three criteria: (1) the SARA model was used for a problemoriented policing intervention; (2) a comparison group was included; (3) at least one crime or disorder outcome was reported with sufficient data to generate an effect size. The unit of analysis could be people or places. Several strategies were used to perform an exhaustive search for literature fitting the eligibility criteria. First, a keyword search was performed on an array of online abstract databases. Second, we reviewed the bibliographies of past reviews of problem-oriented policing. Third, we performed forward searches for works that have cited seminal problem-oriented policing studies. Fourth, we performed hand searches of leading journals in the field. Fifth, we searched the publications of several research and professional agencies. Sixth, after finishing the above searches we e-mailed the list of studies meeting our eligibility criteria to leading policing scholars knowledgeable in the area of problem-oriented policing to ensure we had not missed any relevant studies. For our ten eligible studies, we provide both a narrative review of effectiveness and a meta-analysis. For the meta-analysis, we coded all primary outcomes of the eligible studies and we report the mean effect size (for studies with more than one primary outcome, we averaged effects to create a mean), the largest effect, and the smallest effect. Because of the heterogeneity of our studies, we used a random effects model. Based on our meta-analysis, overall problem-oriented policing has a modest but statistically significant impact on reducing crime and disorder. Our results are consistent when examining both experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Conclusions: We conclude that problem-oriented policing is effective in reducing crime and disorder, although the effect is fairly modest. We urge caution in interpreting these results because of the small number of methodologically rigorous studies on POP and the diversity of problems and responses used in our eligible studies

Must Greek go?

Mode of access: Internet

Annual statement of the trade and commerce of Buffalo for the year 1855, together with a review of the general business of the city.

At head of title: Buffalo Board of trade

"We are not only English Jews---we are Jewish Englishmen": The making of an Anglo-Jewish identity, 1840--1880.

This work explores changes and developments in London's Jewish community in the years between 1840 and 1880 as it strove to maintain the religious connection and identity of its members while simultaneously joining the greater English society. Departing from earlier treatments of Anglo-Jewish identity, this project focuses on the crucial years during the Victorian period in which a majority of the community was, for the first time, native-born.More specifically, this work examines the melding of English and Jewish social, educational, institutional, and economic elements to create a new hybridization, Anglo-Jewry. The examination of this identity-formation process has been fleshed out by detailed canvassing of relevant period newspapers, both Jewish and English, as well as other archival material. Particular emphasis is placed on advertising material from the Anglo-Jewish press during these years, something that has not been done in previous work. Developments covered include changes in Jewish charity organization, in the Chief Rabbinate and its interactions with London Jewry, and in the economic, social, and political status of the community. It also deals with accommodative changes in education, and describes, in effect, the ability of the Jewish Community to maintain and adapt its Jewish practice and identity while creating an acceptable English persona for itself and its members, transforming most English Jews into Jewish Englishmen in the process.Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2004.School code: 0656