11 research outputs found

    Investigation of element-specific and bulk magnetism, electronic and crystal structures of La{0.70}Ca{0.30}Mn{1-x}Cr{x}O{3}

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    The magnetic interactions in La{0.70}Ca{0.30}Mn{1-x}Cr{x}O{3} (x = 0.15, 0.50 and 0.70) are investigated by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), high-resolution x-ray powder diffraction, and bulk magnetization measurements. XAS in the Mn and Cr L{2,3} edges support stable single valent Cr{3+} ions and a varying Mn valence state with x, while the O K edge XAS spectrum reveals local maxima in the O 2p density of states close to the Fermi level due to mixing with Mn and Cr 3d states. A robust antiferromagnetic state is found for x=0.70 below TN = 258 K. For x=0.15, combined XMCD and bulk magnetization measurements indicate a fully polarized ferrimagnetic state for the Mn and Cr spins below Tc=224 K. For x=0.50, a reduced ferrimagnetic component dominated by Mn spins is present below Tc=154 K. No evidence of lattice anomalies due to cooperative charge and orbital orderings is found by x-ray diffraction for all samples. The magnetic properties of this system are rationalized in terms of a competition of ferromagnetic Mn-Mn double exchange and antiferromagnetic Cr-Cr and Cr-Mn superexchange interactions.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figure

    Training-induced inversion of spontaneous exchange bias field on La1.5Ca0.5CoMnO6

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    In this work we report the synthesis and structural, electronic and magnetic properties of La1.5Ca0.5CoMnO6 double-perovskite. This is a re-entrant spin cluster material which exhibits a non-negligible negative exchange bias effect when it is cooled in zero magnetic field from an unmagnetized state down to low temperature. X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and magnetometry results indicate mixed valence state at Co site, leading to competing magnetic phases and uncompensated spins at the magnetic interfaces. We compare the results for this Ca-doped material with those reported for the resemblant compound La1.5Sr0.5CoMnO6, and discuss the much smaller spontaneous exchange bias effect observed for the former in terms of its structural and magnetic particularities. For La1.5Ca0.5CoMnO6, when successive magnetization loops are carried, the spontaneous exchange bias field inverts its sign from negative to positive from the first to the second measurement. We discuss this behavior based on the disorder at the magnetic interfaces, related to the presence of a glassy phase. This compound also exhibits a large conventional exchange bias, for which there is no sign inversion of the exchange bias field for consecutive cycles

    Magnetic Properties Of Frustrated Y-doped Gdincu4

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    We report temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on single crystals of the frustrated antiferromagnet Gd1 - x Yx InCu4 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1). The magnetic susceptibility data revealed, as expected, a decreasing in the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature as function of the Y-concentration, while the high-T Curie-Weiss temperatures remain nearly unaffect by the doping. For T ≳ 100 K, a single Dysonian Gd3 + ESR line with a nearly temperature independent g ∼ 1.989 (8) is observed, and its linewidth follows a Korringa-like (Δ H / Δ T ∼ 0.75 (5) Oe / K) behavior as a function of temperature. Below T ≈ 100 K both the ESR g-value and linewidth are affected by the presence of strong short-range magnetic correlation in the paramagnetic phase well above TN, consistently with the frustrated character of this compound. The role of chemical disorder and dilution effects induced by Y-doping in the properties of this highly frustrated material is discussed. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.3982430433Ramirez, A.P., (2001) Handbook of Magnetic Materials, 13. , Buschow K.H.J. (Ed), Elsevier, AmsterdamDobrosavljevic, V., Miranda, E., (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett., 94, p. 187203Sarrao, J.L., Immer, C.D., Benton, C.L., Fisk, Z., Lawrence, J.M., Mandrus, D., Thompson, J.D., (1996) Phys. Rev. B, 54, p. 12207Pagliuso, P.G., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08P703-1Ramirez, A.P., (1992) J. Appl. Phys., 70, p. 5952Fritsch, V., Hemberger, J., Büttgen, N., Scheidt, E.-W., Krug von Nidda, H.-A., Loidl, A., Tsurkan, V., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 92, p. 116401Baltzer, P.K., Wojtwicz, P.J., Robbins, M., Lopatin, E., (1966) Phys. Rev., 151, p. 367Cooke, A.H., Lanzenby, R., McKim, F.R., Owen, J., Wolf, W.P., (1959) Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 250, p. 97Ferey, G., de Pape, R., Leblanc, M., Pannetier, J., (1986) Rev. Chim. Miner., 23, p. 474Yosida, K., (1957) Phys. Rev., 106, p. 893Korringa, J., (1950) Physica, 16, p. 601Rettori, C., Kim, H.M., Chock, E.P., Davidov, D., (1974) Phys. Rev. B, 10, p. 1826Davidov, D., Maki, K., Orbach, R., Rettori, C., Chock, E.P., (1973) Solid State Comm., 12, p. 621Abragam, A., Bleaney, B., (1970) EPR of Transition Ions, , Clarendon Press, OxfordPagliuso, P.G., (1997) et al. Phys. Rev. B, 55, p. 101

    The role of cationic disorder on the magnetic properties of double perovskites (Ca, Sr)(2-x)LaxFeIrO6

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    Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)We have synthesized polycrystalline samples of the series of double-perovskite (DP) type structure (Ca, Sr)(2-x)LaxFeIrO6. Their structural and magnetic properties were investigated by experiments of X-ray powder diffraction, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity. Both series crystallize in a monoclinic structure, space group P2(1)/n (rather than in the triclinic I (1) over bar), with a significant degree of Fe/Ir cationic disorder. Interestingly, our results indicate a change in the nature of the microscopic magnetic interaction induced by La doping, where the system seems to evolve from antiferromagnetic in the extremities of the series, x = 0.0 and 2.0, to ferrimagnetic for intermediate regions of the series. In this work we focus on the comparison of the physical properties of two representative compounds of these families, Ca1.2La0.8FeIrO6 and Sr1.2La0.8FeIrO6, which exhibit the higher magnetization within their series. For the Ca-based sample the disorder is around similar to 34% while was found to be roughly similar to 22% for the Sr2-xLaxFeIrO6 compound. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.4041932853288Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

    Structural, Electronic And Magnetic Properties Of The Series Of Double Perovskites (ca, Sr)2-x Laxfeiro6

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    Polycrystalline samples of the series of double perovskites Sr2 -x LaxFeIrO6 were synthesized. Their structural, electronic and magnetic properties were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity and electrical resistivity experiments. The compounds crystallize in a monoclinic structure and were fitted in space group P21/n, with a significant degree of Fe/Ir cationic disorder. As in Ca2-x LaxFeIrO6 the Sr-based system seems to evolve from an antiferromagnetic ground state for the end members (x=0.0 and x=2.0) to a ferrimagnetic order in the intermediate regions (x∼1). Since Mössbauer spectra indicate that Fe valence remains 3+ with doping, this tendency of change in the nature of the microscopic interaction could be attributed to Ir valence changes, induced by La3+ electrical doping. Upon comparing both Ca and Sr series, Sr2-x LaxFeIrO6 is more structurally homogenous and presents higher magnetization and transition temperatures. Magnetic susceptibility measurements at high temperatures on Sr1.2La0.8FeIrO6 indicate a very high ferrimagnetic Curie temperature TC∼700K. For the Sr 2FeIrO6 compound, electrical resistivity experiments under applied pressure suggest that this material might be a Mott insulator. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.2122329Jonker, G.H., Van Santen, J.H., (1950) Physica, 6, p. 337Salamon, M.B., Jaime, M., (2001) Rev. Mod. Phys., 73, p. 583Kobayashi, K.-I., Kimura, T., Sawada, H., Terakura, K., Tokura, Y., (1998) Nature, 395, p. 667Kobayashi, K.-I., Kimura, T., Tomioka, Y., Sawada, H., Terakura, K., Tokura, Y., (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 59, p. 11159Azimonte, C., Cesar, J.C., Granado, E., Huang, Q., Lynn, J.W., Campoy, J.C.P., Gopalakrishnan, J., Ramesha, K., (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett., 98, p. 017204Kim, T.H., Uehara, M., Cheong, S.-W., Lee, S., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, p. 1737Wolf, S.A., Awschalom, D.D., Buhrman, R.A., Daughton, J.M., Von Molnár, S., Roukes, M.L., Chtchelkanova, A.Y., Treger, D.M., (2001) Science, 294, p. 1488Tovar, M., Causa, M.T., Butera, A., Navarro, J., Martinez, B., Fontcuberta, J., Passeggi, M.C.G., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 024409Azimonte, C., Granado, E., Cesar, J.C., Gopalakrishnan, J., Ramesha, K., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, pp. 09H115Serrate, D., De Teresa, J.M., Ibarra, M.R., (2007) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 19, p. 023201Chang, H., García-Hernández, M., Retuerto, M., Alonso, J.A., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 73, p. 104417Long, Y.-W., Kawakami, T., Chen, W.-T., Saito, T., Watanuki, T., Nakakura, Y., Liu, Q.-Q., Shimakawa, Y., (2013) Chem. Mater., 24, p. 2235Vasala, S., Lehtimaki, M., Huang, Y.H., Yamauchi, H., Goodenough, J.B., Karppinen, M., (2010) J. Solid State Chem., 183, p. 1007Bufaiçal, L., Mendonça Ferreira, L., Lora-Serrano, R., Agüero, O., Torriani, I., Granado, E., Pagliuso, P.G., Baggio-Saitovitch, E., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07F716Bufaiçal, L., Mendonça Ferreira, L., Lora-Serrano, R., Pagliuso, P.G., Caytuero, A., Baggio-Saitovitch, E., (2009) Physica B, 404, p. 3285Currie, R.C., Vente, J.F., Frikkee, E., Ijdo, D.J.W., (1995) J. Solid State Chem., 116, p. 199Battle, P.D., Blake, G.R., Gibb, T.C., Vente, J.F., (1999) J. Solid State Chem., 145, p. 541Qasim, I., Blanchard, P.E.R., Liu, S., Tang, C., Kennedy, B.J., Avdeev, M., Kimpton, J.A., (2013) J. Solid State Chem., 206, p. 242Larson, A.C., Von Dreele, R.B., General Structure Analysis System GSAS (2001) Los Alamos National Laboratory Report, USAToby, B.H., (2001) J. Appl. Crystallogr., 34, p. 210De Teresa, J.M., Serrate, D., Blasco, J., Ibarra, M.R., Morellon, L., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 69, p. 144401Philipp, J.B., Majewski, P., Alff, L., Erb, A., Gross, R., Graf, T., Brandt, M.S., Sharma, D.D., (2003) Phys. Rev. B, 68, p. 144431King, G., Woodward, M., (2010) J. Mater. Chem., 20, p. 5785Goodenough, J.B., (1963) Magnetism and Chemical Bond, , Interscience New YorkLufaso, M.W., Woodward, P.M., (2001) Acta Crystallogr. B, 57, p. 725Abragam, A., Bleaney, B., (1970) EPR of Transition Ions, , Clarendon Press OxfordJarrett, H.S., Bouchard, R.J., Gillson, J.L., Jones, G.A., Marcus, S.M., Weiher, J.F., (1973) Mater. Res. Bull., 8, p. 87

    Structural and magnetic properties of the La2-xCaxCoIrO6 double perovskite series

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    CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO CARLOS CHAGAS FILHO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROPolycrystalline samples of the series La2-xCaxCoIrO6 (0 <= x <= 1.2) have been synthesized and its structural and magnetic properties were investigated using experiments of X-ray powder diffraction, temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility and magnetization as a function of applied magnetic field. All grown polycrystalline compounds form in a monoclinic structure (space group P2(1)/n) with a partially ordered distribution of transition metal cations Co/Ir over the six-coordinate sites. Our results indicate variation of the magnetic interactions between Co and Ir magnetic sublattices possibly due to valence changes of the transition metals, induced by doping. The undoped La2CoIrO6 presents magnetic ordering at similar to 97 K, while for Ca-doped compounds a decrease of net magnetization and ordering temperatures was observed. For x=0.2 and 0.5 the emergence of a second magnetic interaction, due to the presence of high spin Co3+, becomes evident. Interestingly, for x=0.8 the large effective magnetic moment indicates strong orbital contribution and spin-orbit coupling and/or the presence of Co4+ in high spin state. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Polycrystalline samples of the series La2-xCaxCoIrO6 (0 <= x <= 1.2) have been synthesized and its structural and magnetic properties were investigated using experiments of X-ray powder diffraction, temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility and magnetization as a function of applied magnetic field. All grown polycrystalline compounds form in a monoclinic structure (space group P2(1)/n) with a partially ordered distribution of transition metal cations Co/Ir over the six-coordinate sites. Our results indicate variation of the magnetic interactions between Co and Ir magnetic sublattices possibly due to valence changes of the transition metals, induced by doping. The undoped La2CoIrO6 presents magnetic ordering at similar to 97 K, while for Ca-doped compounds a decrease of net magnetization and ordering temperatures was observed. For x=0.2 and 0.5 the emergence of a second magnetic interaction, due to the presence of high spin Co3+, becomes evident. Interestingly, for x=0.8 the large effective magnetic moment indicates strong orbital contribution and spin-orbit coupling and/or the presence of Co4+ in high spin state.221373377CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO CARLOS CHAGAS FILHO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO CARLOS CHAGAS FILHO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROCNPq [470.613/2012-2]470.613/2012-2Sem informação2006/60440-0, 2007/50968-0, 2012/04870-7111.382/2013This work was supported by the Brazilian funding agencies CNPq (Grant no. 470.613/2012-2), CAPES, FAPESP (Grants nos. 2006/60440-0, 2007/50968-0, 2012/04870-7) and FAPERJ (Grant no. 111.382/2013). CBPF X-ray laboratory is acknowledged for concession of equipment time

    Griffiths phase and spontaneous exchange bias in La1.5Sr0.5CoMn0.5Fe0.5O6

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    La1.5Sr0.5CoMn0.5Fe0.5O6 (LSCMFO) compound was prepared by solid state reaction and its structural, electronic and magnetic properties were investigated. The material forms in rhombohedral R3 structure, and the presence of distinct magnetic interactions leads to the formation of a Griffiths phase above its FM transition temperature (150 K), possibly related to the nucleation of small short-ranged ferromagnetic clusters. At low temperatures, a spin glass-like phase emerges and the system exhibits both the conventional and the spontaneous exchange bias (EB) effects. These results resemble those reported for La1.5Sr0.5CoMnO6 but are discrepant to those found when Fe partially substitutes Co in La1.5Sr0.5(Co1-xFex)MnO6, for which the EB effect is observed in a much broader temperature range. The unidirectional anisotropy observed for LSCMFO is discussed and compared with those of resembling double-perovskite compounds, being plausibly explained in terms of its structural and electronic properties.Fil: Silva, A.G.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Salcedo Rodriguez, Karen Lizeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; Argentina. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas; BrasilFil: Contreras Medrano, C.P.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas; BrasilFil: Lourenco, G.S.G.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Boldrin, M.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Baggio Saitovitch, E.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Bufaical, L.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasi

    Multiband effects in the electron spin resonance of Gd3+ in the intermediate-valence compound YbAl3 and its reference compound LuAl3

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    Electron spin resonance (ESR) results of Gd3+ in YbAl3 and LuAl3 are analyzed using a multiband (f-, d-, and p-type) model of correlated conduction electrons. The need for a multiband analysis of our results is based on the following observations: (i) the Korringa rates b similar or equal to 14 Oe/K and b similar or equal to 9 Oe/K for Gd3+ for YbAl3 and LuAl3, respectively, are larger than those expected from the respective measured g shifts (Knight shift), and (ii) negative and positive g shifts Delta g similar or equal to-0.004 and Delta g similar or equal to+0.003 were observed for Gd3+ in YbAl3 and LuAl3, respectively. Specific heat and magnetic susceptibility measurements, in the samples studied by ESR, show that electron-electron correlations are present in both compounds.75

    Zero-field-cooled exchange bias effect in phase-segregated La2-xA(x)CoMnO(6-delta) (A = Ba,Ca,Sr; x=0, 0.5)

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    CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORIn the zero-field-cooled exchange bias (ZEB) effect, the unidirectional magnetic anisotropy is set at low temperatures even when the system is cooled in the absence of an external magnetic field. La1.5Sr0.5CoMnO6 stands out as presenting the largest ZEB reported so far, while for La1.5Ca0.5CoMnO6 the exchange bias field (HEB) is one order of magnitude smaller. Here we show that La1.5Ba0.5CoMnO6 also exhibits a pronounced shift of its magnetic hysteresis loop, with an intermediate H-EB value with respect to Ca- and Sr-doped samples. To figure out the microscopic mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon, these compounds were investigated by means of synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, muon spin rotation and relaxation, ac and dc magnetization, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The parent compound La2CoMnO6 was also studied for comparison as a reference of a non-ZEB material. Our results show that the Ba-, Ca-, and Sr-doped samples present a small amount of phase segregation, and that the ZEB effect is strongly correlated to the system's structure. We also observed that mixed valence states Co2+/Co3+ and Mn4+/Mn3+ are already present at the La2CoMnO6 parent compound, and that Ba2+/Ca2+/Sr2+ partial substitution at the La3+ site leads to a large increase of Co average valence, with a subtle augmentation of Mn formal valence. Estimates of the Co and Mn valences from the L-edge XAS indicate the presence of oxygen vacancies in all samples (0.05 <= delta <= 0.1). Our XMCD results show a great decrease of Co moment for the doped compounds, and they indicate that the shift of the hysteresis curves for these samples is related to uncompensated antiferromagnetic coupling between Co and Mn.1005113CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIOR400134/2016-0Li 244/12Sem informaçãoSem informaçãoSem informaçã

    Synthesis and Characterization of BaFe2As2 Single Crystals Grown by In-flux Technique

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    Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)We report a detailed characterization of BaFe2As2 single crystals grown by a metallic In-flux technique, an alternative to well-established growth routes using FeAs self- or Sn-flux. Electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, nuclear magnetic resonance, and energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements showed no evidence of flux incorporation. More importantly, our results demonstrate that BaFe2As2 single crystals grown by In-flux have extremely high quality. To explore the efficiency of the In-flux growth method, we have also prepared nearly optimally doped superconducting samples of Ba(Fe1 -x M (x) )(2)As-2 (M = Co, Cu, Ni, and Ru). Among other interesting features, this alternative chemical substitution method has led to enhancement of the maximum T (c) for most dopings.434223229Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)NSF [DMR-0654118]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [2006/60440-0, 2009/09247-3, 2010/11949-3, 2011/01564-0, 2011/23650-5, 2011/12292-0, 2012/04870-7, 2011/23795-3, 2011/19924-2]NSF [DMR-0654118
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