The principle of association in the use of the definite article in English and Swedish

In the first part of the paper the mechanism of association in the use of the definite article is presented. The author also accounts for the most common types of relations between things associated with each other. In the remaining part, the use of the principle of association in English noun phrases is discussed. The author demonstrates that there is a formal difference between the two languages in the way of expressing the definiteness of a referent

Examining birthplace effects in US collegiate and professional basketball

Past research has stressed the influence that environmental factors, such as population of one’s birthplace, can impact the likelihood of attaining success. Moreover, several studies of professional sports have found over-representations of successful athletes from small cities, while showing an under-representation of individuals from larger cities, with 500,000 inhabitants being the cut-off (e.g., Côté et al., 2006). To holistically examine the birthplace effect, the role of population density has also been explored, with varying results depending on sports and countries being considered (Hancock et al., 2017; Rossing et al., 2016). Taking both city population and density into account, the purpose of the present ongoing study is to investigate birthplace effects in male and female collegiate (NCAA) and professional (WNBA and NBA) basketball athletes. The US census was utilized to gather birthplace data for 8,060 NCAA, 400 WNBA and 382 NBA athletes. Data analysis is currently ongoing, and will involve computing odds ratios to examine whether certain populations or densities were significantly different from the general US population at the collegiate and professional levels. Based on prior research, the expected results should reveal an over-representation for both male and female basketball players in areas that have between 250,000- 500,000 inhabitants (MacDonald et al., 2007; Côté et al., 2006). By examining both collegiate and professional and male and female athletes while considering multiple casual variables, the present study helps shed light on environmental factors that lead to success in sport

“Get Tough!”: A Case Study on the Development of the Sport Ethic in Youth Lacrosse

While participation in youth sport is often linked with positive psychosocial and physical outcomes (Holt et al., 2017), this context can also cultivate ideals that lead to the development of unethical beliefs as well as unsafe sport practices (Al-Yaarbi & Kavussanu, 2017). The sport ethic is described as the deviant overconformity by an athlete to fit societal expectations of a sport’s high-performance culture (Hughes & Coakley, 1991). Strong beliefs in the sport ethic can lead to moral disengagement, antisocial behavior, and viewing sport like warfare (Shields, Funk, & Bredemeier, 2015). Although the sport ethic has been examined in competitive adult sport (Coakley, 2015), the development of this belief system among youth remains relatively unexplored. Utilizing Bronfenbrenner’s (1986) ecological systems theory of development, the present study employed a case study approach to investigate the cultivation of the sport ethic in a recreational youth lacrosse team over the course of a four-month competitive season. Data were collected through 109 hours of naturalistic observation (during seven games and 27 practice sessions) and semi-structured interviews with four athletes and one parent. Data were analyzed using a general thematic analysis approach (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Key themes from the microsystem level (i.e., athletes, parents, peers, coaches) highlight that an overemphasis on masculinity, specialization, and sacrifice may predispose athletes to internalize deviant ideals of the sport ethic, even if one’s mesosystem (i.e., the sport’s organization) discourages such behavior. Findings draw attention to the social factors (e.g., promoting lacrosse as a “man’s game” or encouraging violent play) in youth sporting contexts that may impact the development of unsafe practices (e.g., playing through injury, hurting opponents), and provide practical implications for youth sport coaches, parents, and athletes by creating an environment where safe sport practices are encouraged

RTI Implementation and Differentiation for Primary School English Language Learners

This paper explores how one English as a Second Language (ESL) teacher assistant implemented RTI scripted ELA interventions at the primary (K–2) level. Using a variety of research analysis methods, the lesson plan record and detailed journal from the period in which the self-study was conducted were thoroughly analyzed. The analysis resulted in the identification of at what point I recognized a need for changes to the RTI plans for my ELL students, how specifically the RTI plans were modified to better accommodate my ELLs’ needs, and finally, what resulted from the modifications that I implemented. Through this self-study, I determined six conclusions and five implications. I concluded that ELLs require modifications when using scripted lessons and manipulatives with motivation and engagement. I concluded that school administration need to actively reevaluate and adjust RTI schedules regularly, along with encouraging strong partnership between the providers of Tier One, Two, and Three instruction. The self-study also revealed that technology was an important mode of modification used in today’s classroom for ELLs. Student learning implications were the need for RTI adjustments to better meet students’ need for motivating and engaging content and the creation of a RTI program, with the ESL population as the target audience. Implications for teachers included the requirement for modification to RTI meet the needs of ELLs, the importance of quality teacher investigation and collaboration to identify and address ELLs’ learning difficulties, and the creation of RTI with fluid movement of ELLs to other RTI instructional grade levels

Lifting Others

Medicine is full of paradoxes. As a species, we often need to take care of ourselves before we can take care of others. As humans, we become more energetic by the energy-intensive process of exercise. As physicians, we elevate ourselves by lifting others. Through all of the unexpected worries and complications that crop up in life – finances, illness, and indeed an understanding of our own mortality – it is through these three paradoxes of self-care that we survive the complications that life throws at us. During my first year of medical school, I have grown to understand how important taking care of myself, exercising, and having positive relationships with others is in dealing with adversity. This understanding was the inspiration for this drawing, in which a couple look out at their future – an ocean of uncertainty – and are determined to tackle it together

Modelling of A Boundary Layer Ingesting Propulsor

Boundary layer ingestion is a promising method to decrease the propulsive power consumption of an aircraft, and therefore the fuel consumption. This leads to a reduced environmental impact and an improved cost-efficiency. To get a better understanding of this method and to estimate its benefits, the modelling of a propulsor located at the upper rear centerbody of a blended wing body aircraft is presented in this paper. A parallel compressor model approach is used to analyse the impact of the ingested low velocity fluid which leads to a non-uniform inflow. The required boundary layer data are generated with an analysis tool for 2D subsonic airfoils. Some parameter variations are conducted with the developed programme to study their impact on the power saving potential. In addition, a simple estimation for the benefit of embedded aeroengines is given. Despite the drawback from fan efficiency due to the inflow distortion, the results show a significant decrease in required propulsive power for boundary layer ingestion in combination with integrated engines

Social Cognitive Factors Associated with Sharing Overt and Relational Cyberaggression Digitally

Cyberaggression is a substantial problem for college-aged students. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine associations between social cognitive factors and digitally sharing one’s own and others’ overt and relational cyberaggressive material among college students. Social cognitive factors included cyber moral disengagement and facets of cognitive autonomy, including comparative validation, voicing opinions, and evaluative thinking. A convenience sample of 437 college students from a medium-sized US university completed an online survey about cyber aggression and related social cognitive factors. Results from a structural equation model, controlling for gender, showed that cyber moral disengagement was positively associated with sharing own and others’ overt and relational cyberaggressive material. Sharing one’s own and others’ relational cyberaggression was positively associated with comparative validation but was negatively associated with evaluative thinking. The present research reinforces prior links between moral disengagement and cyberaggression while examining other social cognitive factors associated with cyberaggression and assisting cyberaggression perpetrators

A Thin Spot 1

A “thin spot” in thinking about business endangers our human being. This article traces a change in business thinking over the last generations to note how, under the spell of the scientific method and the thrall to utilitarian values, our understanding of our self has grown harder, more determined, and less sympathetic. Bringing together ideas about the meaning of self from the study of semiotics and from the author's own religious faith, this article describes how we can reclaim our human being by grounding thinking about business in faith that reaches to God.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78720/1/j.1467-8594.2009.00351.x.pd