Epstein-Barr Virus and Malaria Interactions: Immunology Perspective

Epstein-Barr Virus can cause various diseases, from acute inflammatory diseases such as fatal or chronic EBV infection, infectious mononucleosis as well as lymphoid and epithelial cancer, various autoimmune diseases, and also could interact with malaria. As EBV infects 95% of the world population, and more than 30% are infected with the protozoan parasite, with more than 500,000 deaths due to malaria cases. It is important to understand how EBV dysregulates the immune system, especially when the virus is interacting with other pathogens such as malaria parasites, causing more severe conditions in certain people like Burkitt Lymphoma. This review will be informative about the mechanism of how EBV interacts with malaria parasites and how it affects the immune system. Knowledge of various cytokines triggering the immune system which may provide links to control/minimize malaria disease severity

Epstein-Barr Virus Specific IgG And IgA Antibodies Diversity Of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients From The Netherlands And Indonesia

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most prevalent head and neck malignancy in Indonesia (Adham et aI., 2012). A report based on a five-year analysis indicated that patients usually arrive at the hospital to examine their condition at a late stage of NPC due to the unspecific symptoms in the early stage (Fachiroh et aI., 2004). The treatment of NPC is stage dependent and early detection is imperative in order to achieving higher treatment success (Fachiroh et aI., 2006). Knowing the markers that can be used to detect NPC at an early stage is essential at this time. NPC corresponds to the highest tumor burden that is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (Hutajulu et aI., 2014). EBV -based serologies using IgA-based ELISA and IgG immunoblotting as well as EBV DNA viral quantification, which allowed for the development of improved NPC diagnostic tools (Fachiroh et aI., 2006). IgG and IgA antibody responses to EBV antigens in NPC patients are each triggered by different antigen-epitope recognition events and are not clonally related and the immunodominant epitopes (peptides) are best for use in diagnostic testing of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. These new EBV related diagnostic tools have excellent diagnostic capabilities in screening NPC patients from the populatio