Feasibility of using latex examination gloves as dental dam: a tensile strength study / Budi Aslinie Md Sabri … [et al.]

Objective: To evaluate feasibility of hand gloves as a rubber dam isolation alternative, in respect of physical properties. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial study design was used. Three types of gloves were tested with two types of a rubber dam used as the control group. Cut-out pattern of dumb-bell shapes were made from 35 samples for each type of groups and tensile strength were tested using Universal Testing Machine and the Trapezium X software. All tests for physical requirements were performed in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials D412, Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension. Findings were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences were compared using a Tukey-Kramer interval calculated at the 0.05 significance level. Results: Heavy gauge rubber dam has the highest Mean (calculated at the 0.05 significance level) except for maximum stress calculated at entire area. Medium-gauge rubber dam has significantly higher tensile strength (44.5075 N/mm²) when compared to heavy-gauge rubber dam (35.7787 N/mm²) although it was 0.09mm thinner. Discovery 2020 Powder Free Latex Examination Gloves with tensile strength value of 28.5922 N/mm² (±3.27366) is more than the minimum requirement specified by American Federal Specification ZZ-R90B Rubber Dam (Dental, 1985) (4000 pounds per square inch or 27.6 N/mm²). For all variable tested, all groups are significantly different from each other. The mean square between the groups was quite large. Conclusion: This study shows that there are significant differences between the physical strength of latex gloves when compared to rubber dam. However, the comparison between thickness and tensile strength among various rubber dam, did not correspond proportionately. Only one type of rubber gloves met the minimum requirement but that is just one aspect. In view of these mixed results, more research is needed before we can conclude that it is feasable that we use hand gloves to replace rubber dam

Family functioning and chronic periodontitis in Outer North East London

PhDBackground: This study assumes that while all families are unique, families share common tasks that must be fulfilled as part of their functioning and the definition of whether the family process is functional or not is specific and may be unique to the family and is dependent upon what the family perceives as being normal, while considering cycle demands, resources and socio cultural influences. Objectives: To explore the role of family functioning in chronic periodontitis. Methods: The Outer North East London (ONEL) Oral Health Needs Assessments collected data in a representative sample of 2,343 adults aged16-65 and 1,174 children 3-4 years old in 2009-10. Data were collected through home visits by trained dentists and interviewers, and included dental clinical examinations and answers to questionnaires. Family function in the domains general functioning, problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement and behaviour control was assessed using the Family Assessment Device (FAD) Epstein et al., 1983). Chronic periodontitis was defined as having at least one interproximal site with pocket depth of 4 mm or more. Results: Chronic periodontitis was associated with family functioning in the domains general functioning (odds ratio:0.45; 95%CI: 0.25-0.84), communication (odds ratio: 0.55 95%CI: 0.30-0.98), affective involvement (odds ratio:0.56; 95%CI: 0.34-0.94), affective responsiveness (odds ratio:0.47; 95%CI: 0.26-0.81) and behaviour control (odds ratio:0.40 95%CI: 0.22-0.74) after adjustment for ethnicity and socioeconomic position (NS-SEC). However, after adjusting for oral health related behaviour (tobacco consumption and plaque score) only the domain of general functioning (odds ratio: 0.51 6 95%CI: 0.27-0.97) affective responsiveness (odds ratio 0.52; 95%CI: 0.29-0.92) and behaviour control (odds ratio 0.46; 95 CI: 0.25-0.83) remained significantly associated with chronic periodontitis. Family functioning domains general functioning, communication, affective involvement, affective responsiveness and behaviour control also potentially partially mediates the relationship between socioeconomic position and chronic periodontitis experience. Conclusion: Efficient family functioning in the domains of general functioning, affective responsiveness and behaviour control may act as protective factors against chronic periodontitis

Development and evaluation of an evidence based smoking cessation app for the Malaysian population: the self-determination theory approach / Budi Aslinie Md. Sabri

Tobacco use in Malaysia accounts for 35% of in-hospital deaths, principally from cancer, heart disease and stroke. Thus, effective interventions to support smoking cessation are urgently needed. Smartphones are increasingly receiving attention as a means to assist individuals’ health management through the usage of apps such as smoking cessation apps. However, recent content analysis found that they do not typically adhere to evidence-based principles for smoking cessation and may not sufficiently stimulate autonomous-motivation. This research aims to develop and evaluate a bilingual (Malay/English) evidence-based smoking-cessation app which incorporates self-determination theory features for the Malaysian population. This project was conducted in threephases. Content development phase involved identifying ideal features of an app for behaviour modification in smoking cessation. The technical development phase focused on the technical development of the app which involved creating a programming- language framework. The final phase involved testing and evaluation using the 23-item MARS rating scale which is a validated measure of rating mobile health apps. Preliminary evaluation showed that the MARS total mean score which correspond to a star rating scale was (M=3.35 S.D ±0.50), while the mean score for each domain are as follows; engagement (M=3.30 SD±0.54), functionality (M=3.46 SD±0.64), aesthetics (M=3.46 SD±0.62), information (M=3.39 SD±0.63), subjective quality (M2.91 SD±0.65). More than 90% of the sample felt that this app is likely to increase awareness, knowledge, and motivation, influence change the attitude to smoking cessation in terms of help seeking and behaviour. Thus, the smoking cessation app developed incorporated the three parameters in SDT and fulfils the basic criteria of a health management app as measured by the MARS scale and can potentially aid in smoking cessation activities

Family Influences on the Dental Caries Status of Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Systematic Review

Oral health is a likely source of health inequalities in children with special health care needs (CSHCN), according to multiple studies. This systematic review aimed to explore the evidence of family influence—as well as family features, such as societal variables and parents’ perspectives—on these children’s dental caries status. Embase, Ebsco, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were all searched. All cross-sectional research published on the variables of family impact ranging from 2010 to 2021 were considered. The DMFT and dmft index was utilised for the report data of dental caries, whereas the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) was used for the purposes of assessing quality. Of the 3861 records identified, 14 were eligible. Further, most of the studies had a caries prevalence of over 50%, (p-value < 0.005). Family influences imparted a significant relationship and association towards the dental caries status of the demographic being studied. The influences on the children included tooth brushing behaviour, parents’ education level, parents’ occupation level, diet pattern, dental visit, snacking frequency, parents’ psychological status, family size, and parents’ knowledge towards oral health. Future research should further explore the family functioning domains, specifically among the CSHCN population. This study was registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42021274923

Dental patients’ awareness on effects of smoking and patients’ perception on the role of dentists in smoking cessation activities / Norashikin Yusof … [et al.]

This study aims to assess the awareness of patients towards effects of smoking on their general and oral health and their perception towards the role of dentists in smoking cessation activities. Methodology: Study population consists of 114 patients chosen through convenient sampling for a period of six months. Self-administered questionnaires on knowledge of impact of smoking on health and role of dentists in smoking cessation, were distributed and collected within the same visit. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that education level did not have significant effect on smoking status (p > 0.05). More than 90% of the respondents were aware of the effect of smoking on their general health. Both smokers and non-smokers showed positive attitude towards dentists’ role in smoking cessation activities

Within-family discussion on harmful effects of smoking and intention to initiate smoking among European adolescents

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of discussion within family about the harmful effects of smoking on intention to initiate smoking in the long term among nonsmoking adolescents. Methods: Data from Global Youth Tobacco Survey for 25 European countries were used. The outcomes of interest were, therefore, the intention to initiate smoking 1 and 5 years after the survey. Discussion within family about harmful effect of smoking was the main predictor with age, sex, and smoking status of parents, friends, and classmates as covariates. The association between predictors and outcomes was assessed through multiple regression analysis. Results: A total of 118,703 nonsmoking adolescents were included. Within-family discussion significantly reduced the odds of intention to initiate smoking 1 and 5 years later. Intention to initiate smoking also was significantly associated with the smoking status of friends, classmates, and parents, except for father’s smoking status,whichwas not associated with intention to initiate 1 year later. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that within-family discussion about the harmful effects of smoking may contribute to reduce the intention to start smoking among adolescents in the long term. Such a discussion was associated with reduced intention to smoke even when adjusting for parent/friend and classmate smoking

Within-Family Discussion on Harmful Effects of Smoking and Intention to Initiate Smoking Among European Adolescents

Daniel Reidpath - ORCID: 0000-0002-8796-0420 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8796-0420Item is not available in this repository.Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of discussion within family about the harmful effects of smoking on intention to initiate smoking in the long term among nonsmoking adolescents. Methods: Data from Global Youth Tobacco Survey for 25 European countries were used. The outcomes of interest were, therefore, the intention to initiate smoking 1 and 5 years after the survey. Discussion within family about harmful effect of smoking was the main predictor with age, sex, and smoking status of parents, friends, and classmates as covariates. The association between predictors and outcomes was assessed through multiple regression analysis. Results: A total of 118,703 nonsmoking adolescents were included. Within-family discussion significantly reduced the odds of intention to initiate smoking 1 and 5 years later. Intention to initiate smoking also was significantly associated with the smoking status of friends, classmates, and parents, except for father's smoking status, which was not associated with intention to initiate 1 year later. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that within-family discussion about the harmful effects of smoking may contribute to reduce the intention to start smoking among adolescents in the long term. Such a discussion was associated with reduced intention to smoke even when adjusting for parent/friend and classmate smoking.https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.00000000000001279pubpub

Exploring the need for an oral health passport

Aim or Purpose: To establish the need for an oral health passport and explore the features that feed the local need in a time where the utilization of digital personal health records is considered appropriate and is expected to further enhance primary care's quality-of-service delivery Materials and Methods: In-depth semi-structured online interview were conducted with twenty-three potential users representing patients, oral health care providers, dental students and clinical and non-clinical support staff from UiTM dental Centre, Malaysia. The participants were asked regarding awareness of oral health, the need for oral health records accessibility via mobile application, the features required in an oral health based on user perception. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed using the software NVivo. Results: All respondents were aware that sharing of oral health records is beneficial while 69.57% of respondents expressed positive perception regarding sharing of oral health records via mobile apps. Seven main themes emerged regarding the need for an oral health app; empowerment, improve quality of care, accessibility, ease communication, anxiety reduction, efficiency, technology. Features of a mobile oral health application that were identified as relevant were information on demographic, medical condition, oral health condition, oral health education, support management. Conclusions: This qualitative research with a diverse pool of participants indicates a need for oral health apps with a variety of features ranging from personal oral health information to prevention and healthcare delivery management. The findings provide researchers, app designers, and oral health care providers insights on how to develop oral health apps from the users’ perspective

Knowledge, Attitudes and Professional Behavior of Silver Diamine Fluoride among Dental Personnel: A Systematic Review

Apart from the major drawback of black staining once lesion is arrested, few studies have indicated that dental personnel’s perception and attitude towards silver diamine fluoride (SDF) influences its usage. This report aims to provide a systematic review presenting dental personnel’s knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions, (KAPs) regarding SDF. A search of multiple electronic literature databases and a manual search were performed. The review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. A comprehensive search yielded 719 publications and 14 cross-sectional studies matching the inclusion criteria. Awareness of SDF among respondents ranged from 29.6% to 87.8%, whereas awareness of its use in dentistry ranged from 14.4% to 94.5%. Regarding attitude towards SDF, the mean score ranged from 3.39 to 14.35. An increase in knowledge of and attitude towards SDF is significantly associated with the usage of SDF and may increase the usage of SDF. This review provides vital information on dental personnel’s KAPs regarding SDF. It is anticipated that the adaptation of SDF usage will be more widespread in the future, especially among children. Findings from the review may assist intervention programs to change misperceptions and to enhance awareness regarding SDF among dental personnel

Adoption of a Digital Patient Health Passport as Part of a Primary Healthcare Service Delivery: Systematic Review

The utilization of digital personal health records is considered to be appropriate for present-time usage; it is expected to further enhance primary care’s quality-of-service delivery. Despite numerous studies conducted on digital personal health records, efforts in a systematic evaluation of the topic have failed to establish the specific benefits gained by patients, health providers, and healthcare systems. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review regarding the impact of digital personal health records in relation to the delivery of primary care. The review methods included five methodological elements that were directed by the review protocol 2020 (PRISMA). Over a time period of 10 years (2011–2021), 2492 articles were retrieved from various established databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO—Medline, and Google Scholar, and based on reference mining. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used for quality appraisal. A thematic analysis was performed to develop the themes in this study. The thematic analysis performed on 13 articles resulted in seven main themes, which were empowering the patient, helping with communication, improving relationships, improving the quality of care, maintaining health records, sharing records, and saving time. We concluded the study by expanding the seven themes into 26 sub-themes, of which each served as answers to our main research question that prompted this systematic review