II ja III kooliastme õpilaste ootused õpetaja suhtlemisele

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4600692*es

Üldhariduskooli õpetajate kirjeldatud probleemid ja probleemilahendusviisid emotsionaal- ja käitumisraskustega õpilaste õpetamisel

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2656066~S6*es

An Autism-Causing Variant Misregulates Selective Autophagy to Alter Axon Targeting and Behavior

Neurodevelopmental disorders cause debilitating disruptions to the cellular mechanisms that underlie development of the brain. Unfortunately, the complexities of neurodevelopmental disorders make them difficult to study, and the molecular mechanisms perturbed by these disorders remain elusive. Better understanding of neurodevelopmental mechanisms, and the related genes involved, will likely yield new insight into neurodevelopmental disorders. A gene that has been associated with a number of neurodevelopmental disorders is the calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNA1C) gene. Common and rare variants of the CACNA1C gene have been associated with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and ADHD. However, little is known about how CACNA1C variants affect cellular processes to alter neurodevelopment. The Timothy syndrome mutation is a rare, gain-of-function variant in CACNA1C that causes autism with high penetrance, providing a powerful avenue into investigating the role of CACNA1C variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. A gain-of-function (gof) mutation in the C. elegans CACNA1C homolog known as egl-19 causes an equivalent amino acid change to the Timothy syndrome mutation in humans. This work shows that this egl-19(gof) mutation can alter axon targeting and affect behavior in C. elegans. Wildtype egl-19 functions independently of Regulator of Presynaptic Morphology-1 (rpm-1) to negatively regulate axon termination. The egl-19(gof) mutation represses axon termination to cause axon targeting defects that lead to the misplacement of electrical synapses and alterations in habituation to light touch. Moreover, genetic analysis indicates that selective autophagy acts downstream of the egl-19(gof) mutation to mediate its effects on both axon termination and behavior. These results reveal a novel mechanism whereby an autism-causing variant of CACNA1C misregulates selective autophagy to alter circuit formation and affect behavior

An autism-causing calcium channel variant functions with selective autophagy to alter axon targeting and behavior.

Common and rare variants of the CACNA1C voltage-gated calcium channel gene have been associated with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and ADHD. However, little is known about how CACNA1C variants affect cellular processes to alter neurodevelopment. The Timothy syndrome mutation is a rare de novo gain-of-function variant in CACNA1C that causes autism with high penetrance, providing a powerful avenue into investigating the role of CACNA1C variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we use egl-19, the C. elegans homolog of CACNA1C, to investigate the role of voltage-gated calcium channels in autism. We show that an egl-19(gof) mutation that is equivalent to the Timothy syndrome mutation can alter axon targeting and affect behavior in C. elegans. We find that wildtype egl-19 negatively regulates axon termination. The egl-19(gof) mutation represses axon termination to cause axon targeting defects that lead to the misplacement of electrical synapses and alterations in habituation to light touch. Moreover, genetic interactions indicate that the egl-19(gof) mutation functions with genes that promote selective autophagy to cause defects in axon termination and behavior. These results reveal a novel genetic mechanism whereby a de novo mutation in CACNA1C can drive alterations in circuit formation and behavior

Zinda (semester?), IPRO 352: Zinda IPRO 352 Project Plan F06

The mission of the EnPro 352 team is to provide high-quality custom designed, custom-fitted and reasonably priced clothing to our customers. The current goal for EnPro 352–Fall 2006 is to create a professional business plan, and conduct product tests.Deliverables for IPRO 352: Zinda for the Fall 2006 semeste

Zinda (semester?), IPRO 352: Zinda IPRO 352 Midterm Presentation F06

The mission of the EnPro 352 team is to provide high-quality custom designed, custom-fitted and reasonably priced clothing to our customers. The current goal for EnPro 352–Fall 2006 is to create a professional business plan, and conduct product tests.Deliverables for IPRO 352: Zinda for the Fall 2006 semeste

Zinda (semester?), IPRO 352: Zinda IPRO 352 Poster F06

The mission of the EnPro 352 team is to provide high-quality custom designed, custom-fitted and reasonably priced clothing to our customers. The current goal for EnPro 352–Fall 2006 is to create a professional business plan, and conduct product tests.Deliverables for IPRO 352: Zinda for the Fall 2006 semeste

Zinda (semester?), IPRO 352: Zinda IPRO 352 Abstract F06

The mission of the EnPro 352 team is to provide high-quality custom designed, custom-fitted and reasonably priced clothing to our customers. The current goal for EnPro 352–Fall 2006 is to create a professional business plan, and conduct product tests.Deliverables for IPRO 352: Zinda for the Fall 2006 semeste

Zinda (semester?), IPRO 352

The mission of the EnPro 352 team is to provide high-quality custom designed, custom-fitted and reasonably priced clothing to our customers. The current goal for EnPro 352–Fall 2006 is to create a professional business plan, and conduct product tests.Deliverables for IPRO 352: Zinda for the Fall 2006 semeste

Myofibroblast Ccn3 is regulated by Yap and Wwtr1 and contributes to adverse cardiac outcomes

IntroductionWhile Yap and Wwtr1 regulate resident cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation following cardiac injury, their role specifically in activated myofibroblasts remains unexplored.MethodsWe assessed the pathophysiological and cellular consequence of genetic depletion of Yap alone (Yapfl/fl;PostnMCM) or Yap and Wwtr1 (Yapfl/fl;Wwtr1fl/+;PostnMCM) in adult mouse myofibroblasts following myocardial infarction and identify and validate novel downstream factors specifically in cardiac myofibroblasts that mediate pathological remodeling.ResultsFollowing myocardial infarction, depletion of Yap in myofibroblasts had minimal effect on heart function while depletion of Yap/Wwtr1 resulted in smaller scars, reduced interstitial fibrosis, and improved ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Single cell RNA sequencing of interstitial cardiac cells 7 days post infarction showed suppression of pro-fibrotic genes in fibroblasts derived from Yapfl/fl,Wwtr1fl/+;PostnMCM hearts. In vivo myofibroblast depletion of Yap/Wwtr1 as well in vitro knockdown of Yap/Wwtr1 dramatically decreased RNA and protein expression of the matricellular factor Ccn3. Administration of recombinant CCN3 to adult mice following myocardial infarction remarkably aggravated cardiac function and scarring. CCN3 administration drove myocardial gene expression of pro-fibrotic genes in infarcted left ventricles implicating CCN3 as a novel driver of cardiac fibrotic processes following myocardial infarction.DiscussionYap/Wwtr1 depletion in myofibroblasts attenuates fibrosis and significantly improves cardiac outcomes after myocardial infarction and we identify Ccn3 as a factor downstream of Yap/Wwtr1 that contributes to adverse cardiac remodeling post MI. Myofibroblast expression of Yap, Wwtr1, and Ccn3 could be further explored as potential therapeutic targets for modulating adverse cardiac remodeling post injury