SPLENIC REPLENISHMENT OF SYNERGISTIC ABILITY TO BONE MARROW AND THYMIC CELLS OF NEONATALLY SPLENECTOMIZED CBA MICE

Bone marrow (B) and thymic (T) cells taken from adult mice that had been splenectomized within 24 hr of birth showed an inability to cooperate in the IgM response to sheep red blood cells. The defect in collaborative capacity was apparent in both sets of cells, but appeared to be more pronounced in the T cell population. Splenectomy performed at various neonatal intervals indicated that if removal of the spleen were delayed until 6 days after birth, B and T cells of the adult showed a 60% restoration in cooperation. Replenishment of the synergistic ability after neonatal splenectomy could be achieved by injecting spleen cells immediately after spleen removal or 2 months postsplenectomy

Economics of implementing an early deterioration detection solution for general care patients at a US hospital

Aim: This study estimates the costs and outcomes pre-versus post-implementation of an early deterioration detection solution (EDDS), which assists in identifying patients at risk of clinical decline. Materials & methods: A retrospective database analysis was conducted to assess average costs per discharge, length of stay (LOS), complications, in-hospital mortality and 30-day all-cause re-Admissions pre-versus post-implementation of an EDDS. Results: Average costs per discharge were significantly reduced by 18% (US$16,201 vs$13,304; p = 0.007). Average LOS was also significantly reduced (6 vs 5 days; p = 0.033), driven by a reduction in general care LOS of 1 day (p = 0.042). Complications, in-hospital mortality and 30-day all-cause re-Admissions were similar. Conclusion: Costs and LOS were lower after implementation of an EDDS for general care patients

Gallium(III) trifluormethanesulfonate: A water-tolerant, reusable Lewis acid catalyst for Friedel-Crafts reactions

The application of gallium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate, OTf) in Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions is described. Gallium triflate was found to be an excellent catalyst for the adamantylation of toluene with 1-bromoadamantane, where its activity was compared to that of well-known rare earth metal triflates. As Ga(OTf)3 does not decompose in the presence of water the isopropylation of aromatics can be carried out with isopropyl alcohol in moderate to excellent yields. While acetylation provides moderate yields in selective reactions, benzoylation of aromatics takes place in good yields in a catalytic and non-stoichiometric reaction. The catalyst can easily be recovered from the reaction mixture and can be reused without loss of activity, demonstrating its effective and environmentally friendly recyclable character