Personality and Somatotype of Trainee Pilots

Personality and somatotype studies of pilots have mostly been restricted to military pilots and experienced airline crews. In this investigation the 16 PF and Heath-Carter somatotype method were utilized to study 31 male aviation majors, aged between 18 and 38 yr., who had earned their Private Pilots’ Licenses and were working toward more advanced ratings. The pilots varied significantly from the male college student norm on Factors E, F, F, H and Q3 of the 16 PF. They were also significantly less ectomorphic

Measurement of permeability using a bench-top centrifuge

The commonly used British Standard constant head triaxial permeability test for testing of fine-grained soils is relatively time consuming. A reduction in the required time for soil permeability testing would provide potential cost savings to the construction industry, particularly in the construction quality assurance of landfill clay liners. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate an alternative approach of measuring permeability of fine-grained soils benefiting from accelerated time scaling for seepage flow when testing specimens in elevated gravity conditions provided by a centrifuge. As part of the investigation, an apparatus was designed and produced to measure water flow through soil samples under conditions of elevated gravitational acceleration using a small desktop laboratory centrifuge. A membrane was used to hydrostatically confine the test sample. A miniature data acquisition system was designed and incorporated in the apparatus to monitor and record changes in head and flow throughout the tests. Under enhanced gravity in the centrifuge, the flow through the sample was under ‘variable head' conditions as opposed to ‘constant head' conditions as in the classic constant head permeability tests conducted at 1g. A mathematical model was developed for analysis of Darcy's coefficient of permeability under conditions of elevated gravitational acceleration and verified using the results obtained. The test data compare well with the results on analogous samples obtained using the classical British Standard constant head permeability tests