17 research outputs found

    Early carboniferous brachiopod faunas from the Baoshan block, west Yunnan, southwest China

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    38 brachiopod species in 27 genera and subgenera are described from the Yudong Formation in the Shidian-Baoshan area, west Yunnan, southwest China. New taxa include two new subgenera: Unispirifer (Septimispirifer) and Brachythyrina (Longathyrina), and seven new species: Eomarginifera yunnanensis, Marginatia cylindrica, Unispirifer (Unispirifer) xiangshanensis, Unispirifer (Septimispirifer) wafangjieensis, Brachythyrina (Brachythyrina) transversa, Brachythyrina (Longathyrina) baoshanensis, and Girtyella wafangjieensis. Based on the described material and constraints from associated coral and conodont faunas, the age of the brachiopod fauna from the Yudon Formation is considered late Tournaisian (Early Carboniferous), with a possibility extending into earlyViseacutean.<br /

    Service users' experience of receiving bad news about their mental health

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    BACKGROUND: The breaking and receipt of bad news is little referred to in the mental health literature, particularly from a service user perspective. AIMS: This project aimed to gain understanding of service users' experiences of receiving good and bad news from mental health professionals. METHOD: Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted in which mental health service users recounted key moments when good or bad news was delivered to them and described the impact of that news on their psychological well being. Transcripts were analysed thematically. RESULTS: The receiving of a diagnosis could be perceived as bad news or a cause of confusion where a diagnosis is changed. The importance of trust in professionals, the use of adequate time and information was considered important in buffering the impact of potentially bad news. The technique of comparing a mental disorder to a physical disorder is not always helpful. CONCLUSIONS: The delivery of bad news in mental health is more complex than a "good or bad news" paradigm and it should be done in the context of a good therapeutic alliance. An individualized approach to delivering news about diagnosis is advocated

    Efeitos do manganês sobre o desenvolvimento e a composição mineral de quatro leguminosas forrageiras tropicais

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    Quatro leguminosas forrageiras tropicais (Galactia striata (Jacq) Urb; Glycine wightii cv. Tinaroo, Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro e Stylosanthes guianensis cv. IRI 1022) foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva recebendo doses de manganês de 0, 5, 10 e 20 ppm, com o objetivo de se verificarem os efeitos das doses crescentes do elemento sobre as diferentes espécies. Submetendo-se os dados de produção de matéria seca e de concentrações de macro e micronutrientes à análise estatística, observou-se o seguinte: a) O estilosantes foi o que se mostrou mais tolerante, não apresentando variação significativa na produção de matéria seca com o aumento dos teores de manganês. Não se observaram sintomas severos nas folhas ou nas raízes. A galactia também mostrou-se tolerante, apresentando queda significativa de produção em presença de 100 ppm de manganês e sentomas mais severos de toxidez que os apresentados pelo estilosantes. b) O Siratro e a soja mostraram-se sensíveis ao excesso de manganês. A soja mostrou a mínima produção em presença de 25 ppm do elemento não havendo modificação significativa nas concentrações mais elevadas. O siratro apresentou a mínima produção de matéria seca total em presença de 50 ppm de manganês. Os sintomas de toxidez apresentados pela soja foram mais severos que os apresentados pelas plantas de siratro. c) A adição de manganês provocou uma diminuição nas concentrações de cálcio, potássio e magnésio nas partes aéreas ou raízes das plantas estudadas; elevação dos teores de zinco e cobre nas aéreas ou raízes e de manganês na planta toda.Four tropical forage legumes (Galactia striata. Glycine wightii, Macroptilium atropurpureum and Stylosanthes guianensis), were grown in nutrient solution under varying levels of manganese (0., 25, 50 e 100 ppm). With respect to the differential tolerance between the species, the following was observed: a) Stylosanthes was not affected neither in therms of growth nor in terms of symptons of toxicity. Galactia was realtively less tolerant: its growth was significantly reduced by 100 ppm of Mn in the substrate which also caused severe toxicity symptons. b) Glycine and Macroptilium were sensitive to high Mn. Growth of the former was decreased by 25 ppm, being not further reduced by higher concentrations. The Mn concentration of 50 ppm caused the highest reduction of the growth of Macroptilium. Toxicity symptoms were more acute in the case of Glycine. c) The addition of Mn induced a decrease in the content of K, Ca and Mg. The levels of Cu and Zn in the tops decreased whereas the Mn concentration increased in the whole plant

    Avaliação do transporte de atrazina em solos sob diferentes condições de manejo agrícola Evaluation of atrazine transport in soils under different agricultural managements

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    A pouca informação sobre o movimento de pesticidas em solos brasileiros com manejo de plantio direto torna o conhecimento desse assunto de grande relevância na avaliação de risco de contaminação do solo e de lençóis de água. Os experimentos simularam chuvas intensas com fluxo contínuo por meio de uma nova técnica para a determinação simultânea das propriedades de advecção, difusão e sorção, representando o transporte de contaminantes ao longo do perfil de solo estudado. Os resultados mostraram que as propriedades físico-químicas não se correlacionam com a permeabilidade do solo e a lixiviação da atrazina. A condutividade 10 vezes maior no plantio direto (PD) e sistema natural (SN) do que no sistema convencional (SC) e solo subsuperficial (SUB) sugere que o processo de advecção ocorre predominantemente através dos macroporos por fluxo preferencial, que são destruídos na aração do SC. Dessa forma, a condição de fluxo contínuo, representando fortes chuvas, faz com que a lixiviação em PD seja maior que em SC, contrariando dados da literatura em experimentos de campo com chuvas intermitentes, os quais mostraram menor lixiviação em PD comparado ao SC. Os riscos de contaminação dos lençóis de água não são determinados apenas pelo manejo do solo, mas também pelas condições pluviométricas intensas nos trópicos, com perspectivas de ainda serem maiores nos cenários de mudanças climáticas.<br>The scarcity of information on pesticide transport in tropical soils under no-tillage is disproportional to the relevance of knowledge in the evaluation of the risk of soil and ground water contamination. The experiments simulated strong rains with continuous water flow using a new method for simultaneous advection, diffusion and sorption measurement, representing pesticide transport along the different studied soil layers. Results showed no correlation between soil permeability and atrazine leaching. The ten times higher permeability in no-tillage (NT) and natural soils (SN) than in the conventional system (CS) and subsurface soil (SUB) indicated that advection occurs predominantly by preferential flow through macropores that are destroyed by tilling in the conventional system. The leaching under continuous flow representing strong rains was higher under NT than in the CS, opposite to reports in literature of field experiments with intermittent rain, stating lower leaching under NT than CS. The contamination risk of ground water is therefore not only determined by the management system but also by the intensive pluviometric conditions in the tropics, tending to increase in the scenario of climate changes
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