563 research outputs found
Photodetachment study of He^- quartet resonances below the He(n=3) thresholds
The photodetachment cross section of He^- has been measured in the photon
energy range 2.9 eV to 3.3 eV in order to investigate doubly excited states.
Measurements were made channel specific by selectively detecting the residual
He atoms left in a particular excited state following detachment. Three
Feshbach resonances were found in the He(1s2p ^3P)+e^-(epsilon p) partial cross
section: a ^4S resonance below the He(1s3s ^3S) threshold and two ^4P
resonances below the He(1s3p ^3P) threshold. The measured energies of these
doubly excited states are 2.959260(6) eV, 3.072(7) eV and 3.26487(4) eV. The
corresponding widths are found to be 0.20(2) meV, 50(5) meV and 0.61(5) meV.
The measured energies agree well with recent theoretical predictions for the
1s3s4s ^4S, 1s3p^2 ^4P and 1s3p4p ^4P states, respectively, but the widths
deviate noticeably from calculations for 1s3p^2 ^4P and 1s3p4p ^4P states.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX2e scrartcl, amsmath. Accepted by Journal
of Physics B; minor changes after referee repor
Elastic electron scattering from CF3I
Experimental results are reported for elastic differential and integral cross sections for electrons scattering from
CF3I. These measurements were made at ten incident electron energies in the range 10â50 eV, with a scattered
electron angular range of 20âŠâ135âŠ. Where possible, comparison is made to the only other comprehensive
experimental set of results available in the literature and to
calculated cross sections from the Schwinger multichannel with pseudopotentials method. In general, quite good agreement is found between the present results and those of
the earlier studies
An investigation into co2âbrineâcementâreservoir rock interactions for wellbore integrity in co2 geological storage
Geological storage of CO2 in saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas reservoirs can help mitigate CO2 emissions. However, CO2 leakage over a long storage period represents a potential concern. Therefore, it is critical to establish a good understanding of the interactions between CO2âbrine and cementâcaprock/reservoir rock to ascertain the potential for CO2 leakage. Accordingly, in this work, we prepared a unique set of composite samples to resemble the cementâreservoir rock inter-face. A series of experiments simulating deep wellbore environments were performed to investigate changes in chemical, physical, mechanical, and petrophysical properties of the composite samples. Here, we present the characterisation of composite core samples, including porosity, permeability, and mechanical properties, determined before and after longâterm exposure to CO2ârich brine. Some of the composite samples were further analysed by Xâray microcomputed tomography (Xâray ÎŒâCT), Xâray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopyâenergyâdispersive Xâray (SEMâEDX). Moreover, the variation of ions concentration in brine at different timescales was studied by per-forming inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. Although no significant changes were observed in the porosity, permeability of the treated composite samples increased by an order of magnitude, due mainly to an increase in the permeability of the sandstone component of the composite samples, rather than the cement or the cement/sandstone interface. Mechanical properties, including Youngâs modulus and Poissonâs ratio, were also reduced
Progressing for Intelligent to Smart Buildings
This paper addresses the issue of the misunderstandings surrounding the terms intelligent and smart when applied to modern buildings. The terms have increasingly been used interchangeably which has led to confusion for designers, researchers and clients.
The authors propose that utilising the increasingly available information as a tool to forewarn the building control systems, rather than reacting to stimuli, can allow adaptability and a distinction between Intelligent and Smart Buildings. A case study building in Sheffield is used as a simple example of using enterprise systems to manipulate zoning of a building at predicted occupancy levels.
The results suggest that this example of information utilisation enables efficient energy and resource distribution whilst maintaining the functional value of the building and the ability for occupants to have a choice of their own environment
Optofluidic distributed feedback lasers with evanescent pumping : reduced threshold and angular dispersion analysis
The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC StG ABLASE, 640012), the Scottish Funding Council (via SUPA) and the European Union Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (PCIG12-GA-2012-334407). M.K. and G.L.W. acknowledge funding from the EPSRC DTG (EP/M506631/1 and EP/K503162/1). M.S. acknowledges funding from the European Commission for a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (659213). I.D.W.S. acknowledges funding from a Royal Society Wolfson research merit award. The research data supporting this publication can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.17630/0ed7dad7-75e1-4ab9-9845-c455d1a7c6a4.We demonstrate an evanescently pumped water-based optofluidic DFB laser with a record low pump threshold of ETH = 520 nJ. The low threshold results from an optimized mode shape, which is achieved by a low refractive index substrate, and from the use of a mixed-order DFB grating. Investigating the photonic band structure via angular dispersion analysis both above and below lasing threshold allows us to measure the refractive index of the liquid gain layer and to determine device parameters such as the waveguide core layer thickness. We show that it is possible to tailor the divergence of the lasing emission by varying the number of second order grating periods used for outcoupling.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Photodetachment study of the 1s3s4s ^4S resonance in He^-
A Feshbach resonance associated with the 1s3s4s ^{4}S state of He^{-} has
been observed in the He(1s2s ^{3}S) + e^- (\epsilon s) partial photodetachment
cross section. The residual He(1s2s ^{3}S) atoms were resonantly ionized and
the resulting He^+ ions were detected in the presence of a small background. A
collinear laser-ion beam apparatus was used to attain both high resolution and
sensitivity. We measured a resonance energy E_r = 2.959 255(7) eV and a width
\Gamma = 0.19(3) meV, in agreement with a recent calculation.Comment: LaTeX article, 4 pages, 3 figures, 21 reference
Generalized oscillator strength for Na 3s-3p transition
Generalized oscillator strengths (GOS's) for the Na transition have
been investigated using the spin-polarized technique of the random phase
approximation with exchange (RPAE) and the first Born approximation (FBA),
focussing our attention on the position of the minimum. Intershell correlations
are found to influence the position of the minimum significantly, but hardly
that of the maximum. The RPAE calculation predicts for the first time the
positions of the minimum and maximum at momentum transfer, values of 1.258
a.u. and 1.61 a.u., respectively. The former value is within the range of
values extracted from experimental measurements, a.u.. We
recommend careful experimental search for the minimum around the predicted
value for confirmation.Comment: 11 pages, 2figure
Biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and bioformation of hydroxylated PCBs in fish
Abstract Hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) are a class of organic contaminants that have been found recently in the plasma of Great Lakes fish, the source of which is either bioformation from PCBs or accumulation from the environment. To address the potential for fish to biotransform PCBs and bioform OH-PCBs juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; âŒ80 g) were exposed to dietary concentrations of an environmentally relevant mixture of PCBs. Eight OH-PCBs were found in the plasma of rainbow trout after 30 days of exposure to the PCBs, the relative pattern of which was similar to those observed in wild lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Lake Ontario. Hydroxylated-PCBs were not found (detection limit 0.02 pg/g) in the food or control (not PCB-exposed) fish. A curvilinear log t 1/2 -log K ow relationship for recalcitrant PCBs was found, similar to previously reported relationships, although t 1/2 values were longer and shorter than studies using smaller fish or cooler temperatures, respectively. A number of PCB congeners fell below the log t 1/2 -log K ow relationship providing the first estimates of non-chiral PCB biotransformation rates in fish. Enantioselective degradation of the chiral congeners PCBs 91 and 136, also indicated biotransformation. Biotransformation of PCBs was structure-dependent with greater biotransformation of PCBs with vicinal hydrogen atoms in the meta/para positions, suggesting CYP 2B-like biotransformation. Other chiral congeners with a meta/para substitution pattern showed no enantioselective degradation but were biotransformed based on the log t 1/2 -log K ow relationship. The results of this study demonstrate that laboratory held rainbow trout can biotransform a number of PCB congeners and that bioformation is likely an important source of OH-PCBs in wild salmonids of the Great Lakes
Multi-channel analog of the effective-range expansion
Similarly to the standard effective range expansion that is done near the
threshold energy, we obtain a generalized power-series expansion of the
multi-channel Jost-matrix that can be done near an arbitrary point on the
Riemann surface of the energy within the domain of its analyticity. In order to
do this, we analytically factorize its momentum dependencies at all the
branching points on the Riemann surface. The remaining single-valued matrix
functions of the energy are then expanded in the power-series near an arbitrary
point in the domain of the complex energy plane where it is analytic. A
systematic and accurate procedure has been developed for calculating the
expansion coefficients. This means that near an arbitrary point in the domain
of physically interesting complex energies it is possible to obtain a
semi-analytic expression for the Jost-matrix (and therefore for the S-matrix)
and use it, for example, to locate the spectral points (bound and resonant
states) as the S-matrix poles.Comment: 33 pages, 10 figure
Is there scope for community health nurses to address lifestyle risk factors? : the community nursing SNAP trial
Background: This paper examines the opportunity and need for lifestyle interventions for patients attending generalist community nursing services in Australia. This will help determine the scope for risk factor management within community health care by generalist community nurses (GCNs).Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in four generalist community nursing services in NSW, Australia. Prior to service contacts, clients were offered a computer-assisted telephone interview to collect baseline data on socio-demographics, health conditions, smoking status, physical activity levels, alcohol consumption, height and weight, fruit and vegetable intake and 'readiness-to-change' for lifestyle risk factors.Results: 804 clients participated (a response rate of 34.1%). Participants had higher rates of obesity (40.5% vs 32.1%) and higher prevalence of multiple risk factors (40.4% vs 29.5%) than in the general population. Few with a SNAPW (Smoking-Nutrition-Alcohol-Physical-Activity-Weight) risk factor had received advice or referral in the previous 3 months. The proportion of clients identified as at risk and who were open to change (i.e. contemplative, in preparation or in action phase) were 65.0% for obese/overweight; 73.8% for smokers; 48.2% for individuals with high alcohol intake; 83.5% for the physically inactive and 59.0% for those with poor nutrition.Conclusions: There was high prevalence of lifestyle risk factors. Although most were ready to change, few clients recalled having received any recent lifestyle advice. This suggests that there is considerable scope for intervention by GCNs. The results of this trial will shed light on how best to implement the lifestyle risk factor management in routine practice
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