139 research outputs found
Compaction of Rods: Relaxation and Ordering in Vibrated, Anisotropic Granular Material
We report on experiments to measure the temporal and spatial evolution of
packing arrangements of anisotropic, cylindrical granular material, using
high-resolution capacitive monitoring. In these experiments, the particle
configurations start from an initially disordered, low-packing-fraction state
and under vertical vibrations evolve to a dense, highly ordered, nematic state
in which the long particle axes align with the vertical tube walls. We find
that the orientational ordering process is reflected in a characteristic, steep
rise in the local packing fraction. At any given height inside the packing, the
ordering is initiated at the container walls and proceeds inward. We explore
the evolution of the local as well as the height-averaged packing fraction as a
function of vibration parameters and compare our results to relaxation
experiments conducted on spherically shaped granular materials.Comment: 9 pages incl. 7 figure
Vortices in vibrated granular rods
We report the experimental observation of novel vortex patterns in vertically
vibrated granular rods. Above a critical packing fraction, moving ordered
domains of nearly vertical rods spontaneously form and coexist with horizontal
rods. The domains of vertical rods coarsen in time to form large vortices. We
investigate the conditions under which the vortices occur by varying the number
of rods, vibration amplitude and frequency. The size of the vortices increases
with the number of rods. We characterize the growth of the ordered domains by
measuring the area fraction of the ordered regions as a function of time. A
{\em void filling} model is presented to describe the nucleation and growth of
the vertical domains. We track the ends of the vertical rods and obtain the
velocity fields of the vortices. The rotation speed of the rods is observed to
depend on the vibration velocity of the container and on the packing. To
investigate the impact of the direction of driving on the observed phenomena,
we performed experiments with the container vibrated horizontally. Although
vertical domains form, vortices are not observed. We therefore argue that the
motion is generated due to the interaction of the inclination of the rods with
the bottom of a vertically vibrated container. We also perform simple
experiments with a single row of rods in an annulus. These experiments directly
demonstrate that the rod motion is generated when the rods are inclined from
the vertical, and is always in the direction of the inclination.Comment: 6 pages, 10 figure, 2 movies at http://physics.clarku.edu/vortex uses
revtex
Tidal alignments as a contaminant of the galaxy bispectrum
If the orientations of galaxies are correlated with large-scale structure,
then anisotropic selection effects such as preferential selection of face-on
disc galaxies can contaminate large scale structure observables. Here we
consider the effect on the galaxy bispectrum, which has attracted interest as a
way to break the degeneracy between galaxy bias and the amplitude of matter
fluctuations sigma_8. We consider two models of intrinsic galaxy alignments:
one where the probability distribution for the galaxy's orientation contains a
term linear in the local tidal field, appropriate for elliptical galaxies; and
one with a term quadratic in the local tidal field, which may be applicable to
disc galaxies. We compute the correction to the redshift-space bispectrum in
the quasilinear regime, and then focus on its effects on parameter constraints
from the transverse bispectrum, i.e. using triangles in the plane of the sky.
We show that in the linear alignment model, intrinsic alignments result in an
error in the galaxy bias parameters, but do not affect the inferred value of
sigma_8. In contrast, the quadratic alignment model results in a systematic
error in both the bias parameters and sigma_8. However, the quadratic alignment
effect has a unique configuration dependence that should enable it to be
removed in upcoming surveys.Comment: Matches MNRAS accepted version. Includes expanded derivation of
linear alignment contamination and expanded discussion of shape/scale
dependence of the contamination signa
Simulating the Formation of the Local Galaxy Population
We simulate the formation and evolution of the local galaxy population
starting from initial conditions with a smoothed linear density field which
matches that derived from the IRAS 1.2 Jy galaxy survey. Our simulations track
the formation and evolution of all dark matter haloes more massive than 10e+11
solar masses out to a distance of 8000 km/s from the Milky Way. We implement
prescriptions similar to those of Kauffmann et al. (1999) to follow the
assembly and evolution of the galaxies within these haloes. We focus on two
variants of the CDM cosmology: an LCDM and a tCDM model. Galaxy formation in
each is adjusted to reproduce the I-band Tully-Fisher relation of Giovanelli et
al. (1997). We compare the present-day luminosity functions, colours,
morphology and spatial distribution of our simulated galaxies with those of the
real local population, in particular with the Updated Zwicky Catalog, with the
IRAS PSCz redshift survey, and with individual local clusters such as Coma,
Virgo and Perseus. We also use the simulations to study the clustering bias
between the dark matter and galaxies of differing type. Although some
significant discrepancies remain, our simulations recover the observed
intrinsic properties and the observed spatial distribution of local galaxies
reasonably well. They can thus be used to calibrate methods which use the
observed local galaxy population to estimate the cosmic density parameter or to
draw conclusions about the mechanisms of galaxy formation. To facilitate such
work, we publically release our z=0 galaxy catalogues, together with the
underlying mass distribution.Comment: 25 pages, 20 figures, submitted to MNRAS. High resolution copies of
figures 1 and 3, halo and galaxy catalogues can be found at
http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/NumCos/CR/index.htm
An Efficient Search for Gravitationally-Lensed Radio Lobes
We performed an automated comparison of the FIRST radio survey with the APM
optical catalog to find radio lobes with optical counterparts. Based on an
initial survey covering ~3000 square degrees, we selected a sample of 33 lens
candidates for VLA confirmation. VLA and optical observations of these
candidates yielded two lens systems, one a new discovery (J0816+5003), and one
of which was previously known (J1549+3047). Two other candidates have radio
lobes with galaxies superposed, but lack evidence of multiple imaging. One of
our targets (J0958+2947) is a projected close pair of quasars (8'' separation
at redshifts 2.064 and 2.744). Our search method is highly efficient, with >5%
of our observing targets being lensed, compared to the usual success rate of
<1%. Using the whole FIRST survey, we expect to find 5--10 lenses in short
order using this approach, and the sample could increase to hundreds of lensed
lobes in the Northern sky, using deeper optical surveys and planned upgrades to
the VLA. Such a sample would be a powerful probe of galaxy structure and
evolution.Comment: Submitted to ApJ, 2000.07.28, revised 2000.09.12. Minor revisions and
new observations of best example. Eleven eps figures. Uses AASTeX/LaTeX,
psfig2.te
Minimal Angular Size of Distant Sources in Open, CDM, and Scalar Field Cosmologies
We propose a simple method for determining the redshift at which the
angular size of an extragalactic source with fixed proper diameter takes its
minimal value. A closed analytical expression, which is quite convenient for
numerical evaluation is derived. The method is exemplified with the following
FRW type expanding universes: the open matter dominated models
(), a critical density model with cosmological constant
(), and the class of scalar field cosmologies proposed
by Ratra and Peebles. The influence of systematic evolutionary effects is
briefly discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 1 postscript figures, uses revtex macro
Apalutamide-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Caucasian Patient with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Apalutamide is a novel nonsteroidal androgen receptor inhibitor that has been shown to improve outcomes for patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer when combined with androgen deprivation therapy. Apalutamide-induced skin rash occurred commonly in clinical trials, with 23.8–27.1% of patients experiencing a rash of any grade, and 5.2–6.3% experiencing a rash of grade three or higher. There were no cases of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) reported in clinical trials; however, there are rare cases reported in the literature with the majority occurring in Asian patients. An 83-year-old Caucasian male was commenced on apalutamide, combined with degarelix, for the management of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. During week five of apalutamide treatment, the patient developed a widespread erythematous maculopapular rash. On presentation, the rash affected 80% of his body surface area (BSA) and a diagnosis of a severe cutaneous drug eruption was made. He was commenced on methylprednisolone (MP) therapy. Despite 5 days of MP, the rash continued to deteriorate involving 95% of his BSA. Nikolsky’s sign was positive. A diagnosis of overlap SJS/TEN was made, supported by skin biopsy. His SCORTEN score was three. He was then commenced on intravenous immunoglobulin and transferred to the intensive care unit. Over the coming days, the rash began to stabilise, and his steroid dose was weaned. He was discharged from hospital 38 days after rash onset. We report the first suggested case of apalutamide-induced SJS/TEN in a Caucasian patient. We discuss other cases of apalutamide-induced SCARs reported in the literature. Risk factors seem to include low body weight and Japanese race, as well as short time to onset of rash
Comparison of 2D and 3D calculation of left ventricular torsion as circumferential-longitudinal shear angle using cardiovascular magnetic resonance tagging
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Purpose</p> <p>To compare left ventricular (LV) torsion represented as the circumferential-longitudinal (CL) shear angle between 2D and 3D quantification, using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>CMR tagging was performed in six healthy volunteers. From this, LV torsion was calculated using a 2D and a 3D method. The cross-correlation between both methods was evaluated and comparisons were made using Bland-Altman analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The cross-correlation between the curves was <it>r</it><sup>2 </sup>= 0.97 ± 0.02. No significant time-delay was observed between the curves. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a significant positive linear relationship between the difference and the average value of both analysis methods, with the 2D results showing larger values than the 3D. The difference between both methods can be explained by the definition of the 2D method.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>LV torsion represented as CL shear quantified by the 2D and 3D analysis methods are strongly related. Therefore, it is suggested to use the faster 2D method for torsion calculation.</p
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