Las trampas de la exclusión. Trabajo y utilidad social

Este breve texto del sociólogo francés Robert Castel reúne seis artículos seleccionados especialmente para el público argentino. Si bien en ellos, el lector no encontrará más que una continuidad de la perspectiva que Castel tiene acerca de las relaciones del trabajo, no significa que –merced al tratamiento que le otorga- le puedan pasar desapercibidos, más bien todo lo contrario. Castel, que narra prolijamente en primera persona, se vuelve provocativo en cuanto a las conclusiones a las que arriba y crítico del lugar que ocupan los intelectuales en relación con el compromiso social.Libro reseñado: Robert Castel. “Las trampas de la exclusión. Trabajo y utilidad social”. Colección Fichas del siglo XXI. Topía Editorial, Buenos Aires, 2004. 86 páginasFacultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

“LAS TRAMPAS DE LA EXCLUSIÓN. TRABAJO Y UTILIDAD SOCIAL” (1)

Este breve texto del sociólogo francés Robert Castel (2) reúne seis artículos seleccionados especialmente para el públicoargentino. Si bien en ellos, el lector no encontrará más que una continuidad de la perspectiva que Castel tiene acerca de lasrelaciones del trabajo, no significa que -merced al tratamiento que le otorga- le puedan pasar desapercibidos, más bien todo locontrario. Castel, que narra prolijamente en primera persona, se vuelve provocativo en cuanto a las conclusiones a las que arribay crítico del lugar que ocupan los intelectuales en relación con el compromiso social.Lamentablemente, la obra no ofrece en la Introducción el marco en el cual fueron elaborados los artículos, de modo que el lectordeberá recurrir a conocimientos previos o a otras fuentes de información para deducir o suponer cuándo, dónde y para quiénfueron escritos cada uno de los capítulos

Las trampas de la exclusión. Trabajo y utilidad social

Este breve texto del sociólogo francés Robert Castel reúne seis artículos seleccionados especialmente para el público argentino. Si bien en ellos, el lector no encontrará más que una continuidad de la perspectiva que Castel tiene acerca de las relaciones del trabajo, no significa que –merced al tratamiento que le otorga- le puedan pasar desapercibidos, más bien todo lo contrario. Castel, que narra prolijamente en primera persona, se vuelve provocativo en cuanto a las conclusiones a las que arriba y crítico del lugar que ocupan los intelectuales en relación con el compromiso social.Libro reseñado: Robert Castel. “Las trampas de la exclusión. Trabajo y utilidad social”. Colección Fichas del siglo XXI. Topía Editorial, Buenos Aires, 2004. 86 páginasFacultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Nuevos enfoques metodológicos: las encuestas de uso del tiempo en la Argentina : Análisis comparativo de las experiencias existentes

Las EUTs proporcionan por una parte, información sobre cómo la población, según variables tales como sexo, edad, nivel socioeconómico, tipo de hogar, distribuye su tiempo y por otra permite conocer cómo se discrimina ese tiempo en función del tipo de actividad, cuál es el objetivo, para quien se realizan y dónde. Este tipo de encuestas constituyen herramientas fundamentales para la visibilización y valoración tanto social como económica del trabajo doméstico de reproducción. Su origen data de principios del siglo XX cuando - en la emergente sociedad industrial - surgió la preocupación por conocer y disponer de datos sobre la vida cotidiana de las familias urbanas, su dedicación a actividades económicas mercantiles y a actividades no remuneradas.Encuentro realizado junto con las V Jornadas de Sociología de la UNLP.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Effect of indirect Γ-L and Γ-X transfer on the carrier dynamics of InGaP/InAlP multiple quantum wells

Includes bibliographical references (page 104).Indirect Γ-L scattering within the well, and real space carrier transfer to the barrier X1c states are shown to significantly affect the carrier dynamics in In0.48Ga0.52P/In0.5Al0.5P multiple quantum wells. When carriers transfer to the indirect states occurs, the carrier dynamics is modified by the slow return of the carriers from the low mobility states to the well. As a result, the absorption recovery time increases by almost an order of magnitude. Carrier transfer to the indirect states also increases the carrier lifetime to values characteristic of indirect recombination.This work is supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant Nos. DMR 9321422, ECS-9502888, EEC-9015128, the Colorado Advanced Technology Institute, Grant No. 0594.75.0738, and by AFOSR contract F49620-93-1-0021

Identification of autoantigens and their potential post-translational modification in EGPA and severe eosinophilic asthma.

BACKGROUND: The chronic airway inflammation in severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) suggests potential autoimmune aetiology with unidentified autoantibodies analogous to myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ANCA-positive EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis). Previous research has shown that oxidative post-translational modification (oxPTM) of proteins is an important mechanism by which autoantibody responses may escape immune tolerance. Autoantibodies to oxPTM autoantigens in SEA have not previously been studied. METHODS: Patients with EGPA and SEA were recruited as well as healthy control participants. Autoantigen agnostic approach: Participant serum was incubated with slides of unstimulated and PMA-stimulated neutrophils and eosinophils, and autoantibodies to granulocytes were identified by immunofluorescence with anti-human IgG FITC antibody. Target autoantigen approach: Candidate proteins were identified from previous literature and FANTOM5 gene set analysis for eosinophil expressed proteins. Serum IgG autoantibodies to these proteins, in native and oxPTM form, were detected by indirect ELISA. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence studies showed that serum from patients with known ANCA stained for IgG against neutrophils as expected. In addition, serum from 9 of 17 tested SEA patients stained for IgG to PMA-stimulated neutrophils undergoing NETosis. Immunofluorescent staining of eosinophil slides was evident with serum from all participants (healthy and with eosinophilic disease) with diffuse cytoplasmic staining except for one SEA individual in whom subtle nuclear staining was evident. FANTOM5 gene set analysis identified TREM1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1) and IL-1 receptor 2 (IL1R2) as eosinophil-specific targets to test for autoantibody responses in addition to MPO, eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), and Collagen-V identified from previous literature. Indirect ELISAs found high concentrations of serum autoantibodies to Collagen-V, MPO, and TREM1 in a higher proportion of SEA patients than healthy controls. High concentrations of serum autoantibodies to EPX were evident in serum from both healthy and SEA participants. The proportion of patients with positive autoantibody ELISAs was not increased when examining oxPTM compared to native proteins. DISCUSSION: Although none of the target proteins studied showed high sensitivity for SEA, the high proportion of patients positive for at least one serum autoantibody shows the potential of more research on autoantibody serology to improve diagnostic testing for severe asthma. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier, NCT04671446

Lesion load may predict long-term cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques provided evidences into the understanding of cognitive impairment (CIm) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).To investigate the role of white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in predicting long-term CIm in a cohort of MS patients.303 out of 597 patients participating in a previous multicenter clinical-MRI study were enrolled (49.4% were lost at follow-up). The following MRI parameters, expressed as fraction (f) of intracranial volume, were evaluated: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-f), WM-f, GM-f and abnormal WM (AWM-f), a measure of lesion load. Nine years later, cognitive status was assessed in 241 patients using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the Semantically Related Word List Test (SRWL), the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). In particular, being SRWL a memory test, both immediate recall and delayed recall were evaluated. MCST scoring was calculated based on the number of categories, number of perseverative and non-perseverative errors.AWM-f was predictive of an impaired performance 9 years ahead in SDMT (OR 1.49, CI 1.12–1.97 p = 0.006), PASAT (OR 1.43, CI 1.14–1.80 p = 0.002), SRWL-immediate recall (OR 1.72 CI 1.35–2.20 p<0.001), SRWL-delayed recall (OR 1.61 CI 1.28–2.03 p<0.001), MCST-category (OR 1.52, CI 1.2–1.9 p<0.001), MCST-perseverative error(OR 1.51 CI 1.2–1.9 p = 0.001), MCST-non perseverative error (OR 1.26 CI 1.02–1.55 p = 0.032).In our large MS cohort, focal WM damage appeared to be the most relevant predictor of the long-term cognitive outcome

The Italian multiple sclerosis register

The past decade has seen extraordinary increase in worldwide availability of and access to several large multiple sclerosis (MS) databases and registries. MS registries represent powerful tools to provide meaningful information on the burden, natural history, and long-term safety and effectiveness of treatments. Moreover, patients, physicians, industry, and policy makers have an active interest in real-world observational studies based on register data, as they have the potential to answer the questions that are most relevant to daily treatment decision-making. In 2014, the Italian MS Foundation, in collaboration with the Italian MS clinical centers, promoted and funded the creation of the Italian MS Register, a project in continuity with the existing Italian MS Database Network set up from 2001. Main objective of the Italian MS Register is to create an organized multicenter structure to collect data of all MS patients for better defining the disease epidemiology, improving quality of care, and promoting research projects in high-priority areas. The aim of this article is to present the current framework and network of the Italian MS register, including the methodology used to improve the quality of data collection and to facilitate the exchange of data and the collaboration among national and international groups