A Review of Minority Stress Related to Employees' Demographics and the Development of an Intersectional Framework for Their Coping Strategies in the Workplace

Every employee embodies manifestations of every demographic that attach to him or her different minority and majority statuses at the same time. As these statuses are often related to organizational hierarchies, employees frequently hold positions of dominance and subordination at the same time. Thus, a given individual's coping strategies (or coping behavior) in terms of minority stress due to organizational processes of hierarchization, marginalization and discrimination, are very often a simultaneous coping in terms of more than one demographic. Research on minority stress mostly focuses on single demographics representing only single facets of workforce diversity. By integrating the demographics of age, disability status, nationality, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and religion into one framework, the intersectional model proposed in this article broadens the perspective on minorities and related minority stress in the workplace. It is shown that coping with minority stress because of one demographic must always be interpreted in relation to the other demographics. The manifestation of one demographic can limit or broaden one's coping resources for coping with minority stress because of another dimension. Thus the manifestation of one demographic can determine the coping opportunities and coping behavior one applies to situations because of the minority status of another demographic. This coping behavior can include disclosure decisions about invisible demographics. Therefore organizational interventions aiming to create a supportive workplace environment and equal opportunities for every employee (e.g. diversity management approaches) should include more demographics instead of focusing only on few. (author's abstract

Catalytic Transformations of Alkynes via Ruthenium Vinylidene and Allenylidene Intermediates

NOTICE: This is the peer reviewed version of the following book chapter: Varela J. A., González-Rodríguez C., Saá C. (2014). Catalytic Transformations of Alkynes via Ruthenium Vinylidene and Allenylidene Intermediates. In: Dixneuf P., Bruneau C. (eds) Ruthenium in Catalysis. Topics in Organometallic Chemistry, vol 48, pp. 237-287. Springer, Cham. [doi: 10.1007/3418_2014_81]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Springer Verlag Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.Vinylidenes are high-energy tautomers of terminal alkynes and they can be stabilized by coordination with transition metals. The resulting metal-vinylidene species have interesting chemical properties that make their reactivity different to that of the free and metal π-coordinated alkynes: the carbon α to the metal is electrophilic whereas the β carbon is nucleophilic. Ruthenium is one of the most commonly used transition metals to stabilize vinylidenes and the resulting species can undergo a range of useful transformations. The most remarkable transformations are the regioselective anti-Markovnikov addition of different nucleophiles to catalytic ruthenium vinylidenes and the participation of the π system of catalytic ruthenium vinylidenes in pericyclic reactions. Ruthenium vinylidenes have also been employed as precatalysts in ring closing metathesis (RCM) or ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Allenylidenes could be considered as divalent radicals derived from allenes. In a similar way to vinylidenes, allenylidenes can be stabilized by coordination with transition metals and again ruthenium is one of the most widely used metals. Metalallenylidene complexes can be easily obtained from terminal propargylic alcohols by dehydration of the initially formed metal-hydroxyvinylidenes, in which the reactivity of these metal complexes is based on the electrophilic nature of Cα and Cγ, while Cβ is nucleophilic. Catalytic processes based on nucleophilic additions and pericyclic reactions involving the π system of ruthenium allenylidenes afford interesting new structures with high selectivity and atom economy

Présence des accoucheurs qualifiés : les défis clé au progrès dans l'accomplissement des ODM – 5 au nord central du Nigéria

The importance of skilled attendance at delivery, as reflected in the MDG 5, is being promoted in developing countries to address the high maternal/perinatal morbidity and mortality. Evaluation of personnel skills and availability of material resources are central to elimination of barriers to delivery of basic Emergency Obstetric Care (EOC) to the community. We designed a semi-structured, interviewee-administered questionnaire for 54 certified Nurse-Midwives working in Primary Health Care (PHC) clinics in Nasarawa State, central Nigeria, and examined their knowledge and competencies in the five major areas responsible for maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, including power supply, referral linkages and motivation to work. Majority 51 (94.4%) of PHCs neither used the Partograph nor performed manual vacuum aspiration. Referral systems and feedback mechanisms were practically non-existent, 38 (70.4%) of facilities were >5km from the nearest referral centre, with 14(29.5%) connected to the national grid. Majority (68.5%) of respondents would want to work abroad. The quality of skilled attendance is low and basic EOC facilities are lacking, a situation further threatened by potential emigration to greener pastures. Governments and development partners need to address facility and skilled manpower shortages in developing countries to make a modest attempt at meeting the MDG on maternal health.L'importance de la présence du personnel qualifié pendant l'accouchement, tel que cela figure dans les ODM–5 est reconnue et encouragée dans les pays en voie de développement pour aborder la haute mortalité et la morbidité périnatale. L'évaluation de la compétence du personnel et la disponibilité des ressources matérielles jouent un rôle essentiel dans l'élimination des obstacles à la prestation des services obstétriques d'urgence de base (SOUB) à la communauté. Nous avons formulé un questionnaire semi–structuré pour 54 sages–femmes qui travaillent dans des cliniques des services médicaux primaires (SMP) dans l'état de Nassarawa, dans la région centrale du Nigéria. Nous avons étudié leur connaissance et compétences dans les cinq domaines principaux qui sont responsables de la mortalité maternelle en Afrique sub–saharéenne y compris l'alimentation électrique, les liaisons des services d'orientation des malades vers un spécialiste et la motivation pour travailler. La majorité des SMPs (94,4%) n'ont pas utilisé le partographe et ils n'ont pas fait l'aspiration pneumatique manuelle. Il n'existait pratiquement pas de systèmes d'orientations vers les spécialistes et des mécanismes pour des réactions. 38(70,4%) établissements étaient situés à>5km du centre des orientations le plus proche, alors que 14 (29,5%) étaient reliés au réseau électrique national. La majorité (68,5%) des interviewés aimeraient travailler à l'étranger. La qualité du personnel qualifié est basse et les structures de base manquent, une situation qui est davantage menacée par la possibilité de la migration ver les cieux plus cléments +++++v Il est nécessaire que les gouvernements et les partenaires en matière de développement abordent les problèmes du manque de structures et de personnel dans les pays en voie de développement afin d'essayer, d'une manière modeste, d'accomplir les ODMs dans le domaine de la santé maternelle

Optionen der Elternschaft und der Lebensgestaltung in nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaften Ergebnisse der ersten Datenerhebungswelle

UuStB Koeln(38)-930106625 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Analysis of biodiesel and frying vegetable oils by means of FTIR photoacoustic spectroscopy

Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy was used to determine the mid-infrared vibrational modes of biodiesel and vegetable oils. Our results indicate that this method can contribute significantly to the biodiesel wash process during the sample preparation. Besides, by analyzing the spectra of vegetable oils used to fry snacks we could to monitor the degradation in function of the fried time