Enzymes supplementation in diets containing different protein sources for broilers

Submitted by Cássia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-10-26T12:25:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Bruno Duartes Alves Fortes - 2014.pdf: 1537352 bytes, checksum: a3ccd27e7d916339a98036bf3759f8f0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2015-10-26T13:29:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Bruno Duartes Alves Fortes - 2014.pdf: 1537352 bytes, checksum: a3ccd27e7d916339a98036bf3759f8f0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T13:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Bruno Duartes Alves Fortes - 2014.pdf: 1537352 bytes, checksum: a3ccd27e7d916339a98036bf3759f8f0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-18Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqThree experiments were perfomed in order to evaluate the addition of an enzymatic complex containing xylanase, amylase, and protease to rations with different protein sources for broilers through the true digestibility of amino acids, metabolization of nutrients and performance of animals. The first experiment was a completely randomized design with nine treatments and five replications. Birds were subjected to a five days adaptation period to experimental diets and the diets were as follows: one diet free of protein (DFP), and eight DFP diets with tested feedstuffs to replace corn starch. The true digestibility coefficient of essential amino acids, corn gluten meal (60%), soybean protein concentrate, bovine dried plasma and viscera meal were measured at seven and 21 days of age. The digestibility coefficient of essential amino acids at seven and 21 days of age were as higher (p0.05) among treatments on feed intake throughout the experiment (1-42 days); however, weight gain, feed conversion and average weight of the birds were affected (p0,05) sobre consumo de ração no período total (1 a 42 dias) de criação para os diferentes tratamentos. Contudo, o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e o peso médio das aves foram afetados (p<0,05), os tratamentos com fontes proteicas de origem vegetal suplementados com enzimas apresentaram redução média nos valores de conversão alimentar e aumento no peso médio, respectivamente de: 6,24 e 4,87% para o glúten de milho e 6,66 e 4,52% para o concentrado proteico de soja. As dietas com fontes proteicas de origem animal e inclusão do complexo enzimático composto por xilanase, amilase e protease promoveu redução média nos valores de conversão alimentar e aumento no peso médio, respectivamente de: 5,88 e 4,57% para o plasma sanguíneo e 7,14 e 6,34% para a farinha de vísceras. Conclui-se que a adição do complexo enzimático foi eficiente (p<0,05) em melhorar os valores médios do ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e peso médio, no período de 1 a 42 dias de idade

Assessment of nutritional programs with the use of enzymes in diets of broilers

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao BRUNO DUARTE ALVES FORTES.pdf: 1519992 bytes, checksum: dfdd5d666c37f57143bd189881ea16c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-09The experiment was conducted to evaluate different programs Nutritional supplementation of carbohydrases and phytase enzymes) in broiler diets on performance and carcass yield. We used the test in 2016 male chicks a day, Cobb-500 distributed in 32 boxes of 2.10 m x 2.50 m. We used a randomized complete block design with two blocks (sheds), four treatments, four replicates and 63 birds per plot. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal. The treatments were: T1) Nutritional program Cobb, T2) 4% reduction in metabolizable energy (ME), 3% crude protein (CP) and 10% of the recommendations of the amino acids of T1, T3) reformulated Diet isonutriente to T1 with 200 g / t carbohydrases ( beta-glucanase, xylanase, alpha-galactosidase and Galactomannanase) + 50 g / t phytase, T4) reformulated Diet isonutriente to T2 with 200 g / t carbohydrases (beta-glucanase, xylanase, alpha-galactosidase and Galactomannanase) + 50 g / t phytase. There were no differences on the feed phase integral (1-42dias) created for the different treatments. However, feed intake and weight gain were affected (P <0.05), where the treatments supplemented with enzymes had higher feed intake than the treatments without enzyme supplementation is consistent with the weight gain in the treatments 3 and 4 showed weight gains higher than treatments 1 and 2. It is concluded that the use of carbohydrases associated with inclusion of phytase was effective to elevate the metabolizable energy of diets based on corn and soybean meal, and that the addition of enzymes in the diet of the birds led to an increase in food consumption of 5 , 18%, and improved weight gain of 4.39% and did not affect carcass characteristicsO experimento foi conduzido para avaliar diferentes programas nutricionais associados à suplementação de enzimas carboidrases e fitase) em rações de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça. Foram utilizados no ensaio 2016 pintos machos de um dia da linhagem Cobb-500 distribuídos em 32 boxes de 2,10 m x 2,50 m. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com dois blocos (galpões), quatro tratamentos, quatro repetições e 63 aves por parcela. As rações experimentais foram à base de milho e farelo de soja. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1) Programa nutricional Cobb, T2) Redução de 4% na energia metabolizável (EM); de 3% proteína bruta (PB) e de 10% nas recomendações dos aminoácidos do T1, T3) Dieta reformulada isonutriente a T1 com 200 g/t carboidrases (beta-glucanase, xilanase, alfa-galactosidade e galactomananase) + 50 g/t fitase, T4) Dieta reformulada isonutriente a T2 com 200 g/t carboidrases (beta-glucanase, xilanase, alfa-galactosidade e galactomananase) + 50 g/t fitase. Não foram observadas diferenças sobre a conversão alimentar na fase integral (1-42dias) de criação para os diferentes tratamentos. Contudo, o consumo de ração e ganho de peso foram afetados (P<0,05), onde os tratamentos suplementados com enzimas apresentaram consumo de ração maior do que os tratamentos sem a suplementação enzimática sendo coerente com o ganho de peso, em que os tratamentos 3 e 4 apresentaram ganhos de peso maiores que os tratamentos 1 e 2. Conclui-se que o uso das carboidrases associada a inclusão de fitase foi efetivo para elevar a energia metabolizável das rações a base de milho e farelo de soja, e que a adição das enzimas na dieta das aves permitiu um aumento no consumo de ração de 5,18%, e melhoria no ganho de peso de 4,39% e não influenciaram as características de carcaç

Parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos da tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) sob estresse por exposição ao ar

No presente trabalho avaliaram-se os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de exemplares adultos de tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) sob a influência do fator estresse fisiológico em animais submetidos à exposição ao ar durante a engorda em sistema raceway. Foram analisados o eritrograma, teor de hemoglobina, volume globular, o volume corpuscular médio (VCM), a hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM), a concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM), o leucograma, contagem diferencial de leucócitos, o plaquetograma, a glicose, a proteína total, o colesterol, o triglicerídeo e os eletrólitos (cálcio, cloretos, sódio e potássio). Os resultados revelaram que houve uma homogeneidade de distribuição para hemácias, volume globular, hemoglobina, índices hemantimétricos, proteína total, glicose, colesterol, e íons séricos, indicados pelos valores relativamente baixos do coeficiente de variação. Houve correlação positiva somente para leucócitos totais, células de defesa orgânica (neutrófilos e linfócitos), glicose, colesterol, sódio e cálcio. Quanto ao leucograma, à medida que os animais foram expostos ao ar, o número de leucócitos diminuiu gradativamente (leucopenia), ocorrendo simultaneamente neutrofilia e linfopenia. O índice glicêmico constituiu um bom indicador de estresse fisiológico, devido à hiperglicemia (82,0±20,88mg/dL) demonstrada nos tratamentos. A exposição ao ar constituiu um fator de desequilíbrio na homeostase iônica, e na síntese de colesterol endógeno. Entretanto, o tempo de recuperação não ocasionou a completa reabilitação fisiológica frente ao desafio imposto

Parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos da tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) sob estresse por exposição ao ar Hematological parameters of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) under air exposure stress

No presente trabalho avaliaram-se os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de exemplares adultos de tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) sob a influência do fator estresse fisiológico em animais submetidos à exposição ao ar durante a engorda em sistema raceway. Foram analisados o eritrograma, teor de hemoglobina, volume globular, o volume corpuscular médio (VCM), a hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM), a concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM), o leucograma, contagem diferencial de leucócitos, o plaquetograma, a glicose, a proteína total, o colesterol, o triglicerídeo e os eletrólitos (cálcio, cloretos, sódio e potássio). Os resultados revelaram que houve uma homogeneidade de distribuição para hemácias, volume globular, hemoglobina, índices hemantimétricos, proteína total, glicose, colesterol, e íons séricos, indicados pelos valores relativamente baixos do coeficiente de variação. Houve correlação positiva somente para leucócitos totais, células de defesa orgânica (neutrófilos e linfócitos), glicose, colesterol, sódio e cálcio. Quanto ao leucograma, à medida que os animais foram expostos ao ar, o número de leucócitos diminuiu gradativamente (leucopenia), ocorrendo simultaneamente neutrofilia e linfopenia. O índice glicêmico constituiu um bom indicador de estresse fisiológico, devido à hiperglicemia (82,0±20,88mg/dL) demonstrada nos tratamentos. A exposição ao ar constituiu um fator de desequilíbrio na homeostase iônica, e na síntese de colesterol endógeno. Entretanto, o tempo de recuperação não ocasionou a completa reabilitação fisiológica frente ao desafio imposto.<br>The present study evaluated the hematological and biochemical parameters of adult tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the influence of the physiological stress factor in animals submitted to air exposure during fattening in raceway system. Blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leukogram, differencial leukocyte count, platelet, glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides and electrolytes (calcium, chloride, sodium and potassium) were analyzed. The results showed a uniform distribution for red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, secondary Wintrobe indices, total protein, glucose, cholesterol, and serum ions, indicated by a relatively low variation coefficient. There was positive correlation only for total white blood cells, organic defense cells (neutrophils and lymphocytes), glucose, cholesterol, sodium and calcium. As for the leukocytes (WBC), as the animals were exposed to aeration, the number of leukocytes gradually decreased (leukopenia), simultaneously occurring neutrophilia and lymphopenia. The glycemic index was a good indicator of physiological stress due to hyperglycemia (82.0±20.88mg/dL) demonstrated in the treatments. The air exposure constituted an imbalance factor at the ion homeostasis and at the endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Besides, the recovery time did not result in the complete physiological rehabilitation face the imposed challenge

AVALIAÇÃO DE PROGRAMAS NUTRICIONAIS COM A UTILIZAÇÃO DE CARBOIDRASES E FITASE EM RAÇÕES DE FRANGOS DE CORTE

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different nutritional programs associated to enzyme supplementation (carbohydrases and phytase) on performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 2,016 male broiler chicks of Cobb-500 strain were allotted in third-two pens and fed diets based on corn and soybean meal. A completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replicates of 63 birds each was used. The treatments were designed as follows: T1 - nutritional program recommended for Coob-500; T2 -T1 nutritional program with reduction of 4% of metabolizable energy (ME), 3% of crude protein (CP) and 10% of all amino acids; T3 - T1 nutritional program with 200g/T of carbohydrases and 50g/T of phytase; and T4 - T2 nutritional program with 200g/T of carbohydrases and 50g/T of phytase. The results showed no statistical difference in feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics for all treatments in the period of 1 to 42 days of age. However, feed consumption, slaughter weight and weight gain were affected, the treatments supplemented with enzymes had greater feed consumption than the treatments without enzyme supplementation, besides the highest slaughter weight and weight gain. In conclusion, the use of carbohydrases associated with phytase enzymes was effective to increase the apparent metabolizable energy of diets based on corn and soybean meal. The addition of enzymes to the diet of broilers led to an increase in feed consumption of 5.18%, and improved weight gain in 4.39%

MORFOMETRIA TESTICULAR DE BOVINOS MESTIÇOS JOVENS SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS DE SUPLEMENTAÇÃO ENERGÉTICA DE PASTAGEM DE Brachiaria Brizantha

The objective of this study was to correlate the testicular measurements and weight gain, as well as the possible influence of the feeding level on the morphometry of the testicles of 32 crossbred Holstein/Zebu, in sexual development process, kept in Brachiaria brizantha pasture submitted to two levels of energy supplementation (0.5% and 1.0% of LW, TM and TH) during the second half of the rainy season. In vivo growth of scrotal perimeter and the final measures of the glandular portion of the testicles accordingto the perimeter, length, width, volume, weight and shape were evaluated. The correlation coefficients between the testicular measures and weight gain were moderately positive, ranging between 0.12 and 0.32. The frequency analysis showed that long testicles of long prevailed in both treatments, with respectively 65% and 54% for TM and TH. There was a significant effect (p <0.05) of the feed system on the in vivo gain of scrotal perimeter in favor of the high level of supplementation (TH), which gained 5.93 cm versus 3.71 cm of the TM group. There was no significant effect (p> 0.05) of the feeding level on the testicles glandular measures. It was concluded that these characteristics are determined by the stage of sexual development and not by the feeding level and the testicular measures should not be used alone as a criterion for assessing the performance of crossbreed young bulls

RELAÇÃO METIONINA E COLINA DIETÉTICA SOBRE O DESEMPENHO DE CODORNAS JAPONESAS (Coturnix coturnix japonica) EM POSTURA

We evaluated the relationship between levels of methionine and choline on the performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) at the production stage, using 432 birds at 65 days of age and weighing 155g, in a completely randomized design in 4x2 (methionine x choline) factorial arrangement with six replicates and nine birds per unit. The levels of choline and methionine were 0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm and 0.65 and 0.75%, respectively. We analyzed the following variables: egg production (% / hen / day), egg weight (g), egg mass (g egg / hen/ day), feed conversion (g / g) and food intake (g / d). We observed a significant interaction for egg production (P ≤ 0.01) and egg mass (P ≤ 0.05) with linear effect for 0.65% methionine and inclusion of increasing levels of choline. There was a quadratic effect of choline levels on feed intake, with 0.65% methionine. The use of choline in diets of quail in production only effects bird performance when 0.65% methionine level is used. Supplementation with choline causes an increase in average egg weight regardless of the level of dietary methionine supplementation