Espectrorradiometria na região do visível e do infravermelho próximo em povoamento de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985093Reflectance readings in border and inner tree leaves in a Eucalyptus grandis stand, in São Pedro das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul state, were analyzed in the regions of the visible electromagnetic spectrum and the nearby infrared, by using spectrum radiometry. The area was divided in two parts: border and center stands. In order to collect the material, the crown was divided in three parts (superior, medium and inferior), so that it would be possible to differentiate the positions of leaf collections in each area. Three trees were sampled in each area, adding up to six trees, for each tree, 60 isolated leaves were collected, 20 in each position. The reflectance readings were carried out through FieldSpec®3 spectrum radiometer and the final results were segmented in the visible and nearby infrared spectral bands. The statistical analysis was made on the basis of several tests, among them Tukey HSD test, in order to compare the averages of the visible region, which, according to ANOVA, present significant differences. It is concluded that the collecting indicating class of leaves for the spectrum radiometric analysis in the visible region are preferably the 5 one (tree in the center, reading in the medium part) and #3 one (border tree, reading superior part).http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985093Leituras de reflectância em folhas de árvores de bordadura e de interior de um povoamento florestal de Eucalyptus grandis, no município de São Pedro das Missões - RS, foram analisadas nas regiões do espectro eletromagnético visível e do infravermelho próximo, utilizando-se espectrorradiometria. A área foi dividida em duas partes: bordadura e centro do povoamento. Para a coleta de material, a copa das árvores foi dividida em três partes (superior, média e inferior), de forma a diferenciar as posições de coleta de folhas, em cada uma das áreas. Foram amostradas três árvores em cada área, totalizando seis árvores, sendo que para cada árvore foram coletadas 60 folhas isoladas, 20 em cada posição. As leituras de reflectância foram realizadas através do espectrorradiômetro FieldSpec®3 e os resultados finais foram segmentados nas bandas espectrais do visível e do infravermelho próximo. A análise estatística valeu-se do teste Tukey HSD, para comparação das médias da região do visível, que de acordo com a ANOVA apresentaram diferenças significativas. Conclui-se que as classes indicadas de coleta de folhas para análise espectrorradiométrica na região do visível são preferencialmente a 5 (árvore de centro, leitura na parte mediana) e a 3 (árvore de bordadura, leitura parte superior)

SPECTRORADIOMETRY IN THE VISIBLE AND NEAR INFRARED REGION ON A STAND OF Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden

Leituras de reflect\ue2ncia em folhas de \ue1rvores de bordadura e de interior de um povoamento florestal de Eucalyptus grandis , no munic\uedpio de S\ue3o Pedro das Miss\uf5es - RS, foram analisadas nas regi\uf5es do espectro eletromagn\ue9tico vis\uedvel e do infravermelho pr\uf3ximo, utilizando-se espectrorradiometria. A \ue1rea foi dividida em duas partes: bordadura e centro do povoamento. Para a coleta de material, a copa das \ue1rvores foi dividida em tr\ueas partes (superior, m\ue9dia e inferior), de forma a diferenciar as posi\ue7\uf5es de coleta de folhas, em cada uma das \ue1reas. Foram amostradas tr\ueas \ue1rvores em cada \ue1rea, totalizando seis \ue1rvores, sendo que para cada \ue1rvore foram coletadas 60 folhas isoladas, 20 em cada posi\ue7\ue3o. As leituras de reflect\ue2ncia foram realizadas atrav\ue9s do espectrorradi\uf4metro FieldSpec\uae3 e os resultados finais foram segmentados nas bandas espectrais do vis\uedvel e do infravermelho pr\uf3ximo. A an\ue1lise estat\uedstica valeu-se do teste Tukey HSD, para compara\ue7\ue3o das m\ue9dias da regi\ue3o do vis\uedvel, que de acordo com a ANOVA apresentaram diferen\ue7as significativas. Conclui-se que as classes indicadas de coleta de folhas para an\ue1lise espectrorradiom\ue9trica na regi\ue3o do vis\uedvel s\ue3o preferencialmente a 5 (\ue1rvore de centro, leitura na parte mediana) e a 3 (\ue1rvore de bordadura, leitura parte superior).Reflectance readings in border and inner tree leaves in a Eucalyptus grandis stand, in S\ue3o Pedro das Miss\uf5es, Rio Grande do Sul state, were analyzed in the regions of the visible electromagnetic spectrum and the nearby infrared, by using spectrum radiometry. The area was divided in two parts: border and center stands. In order to collect the material, the crown was divided in three parts (superior, medium and inferior), so that it would be possible to differentiate the positions of leaf collections in each area. Three trees were sampled in each area, adding up to six trees, for each tree, 60 isolated leaves were collected, 20 in each position. The reflectance readings were carried out through FieldSpec\uae3 spectrum radiometer and the final results were segmented in the visible and nearby infrared spectral bands. The statistical analysis was made on the basis of several tests, among them Tukey HSD test, in order to compare the averages of the visible region, which, according to ANOVA, present significant differences. It is concluded that the collecting indicating class of leaves for the spectrum radiometric analysis in the visible region are preferably the 5 one (tree in the center, reading in the medium part) and #3 one (border tree, reading superior part)

Micronutrient dynamics in the forest biomass in succession stages of a seasonal deciduous forest, RS, Brazil

There is a great need of research to assess the behavior of micronutrients in natural forests of southern Brazil. Do to this need, the objective of this work was to study the levels and amounts of micronutrients in forest above ground biomass of the forest, in a comparative way, in two secondary succession stages (SSS) in a Seasonal Deciduous Forest in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The SSS had enjoyed 35 and 55 years of regeneration since the end of agricultural use, respectively for initial secondary forest (ISF) and late secondary forest (LSF). The above-ground biomass was collected and separated into vegetative strata and these in fractions, thereafter chemically analyzed for the levels of B, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu. Leaf fractions of arboreal, shrubs and herbaceous strata showed the highest levels for most nutrients. Only the levels of iron and manganese were higher in the bark fraction, for both sucession stages. In the LSF, the herbaceous stratum also showed high levels of Fe. The average levels of micronutrients showed differences between the two sucession stages only in relation to Fe and Mn, with higher levels in LSF biomass. The amount of nutrients stored was always higher in LSF, because of the largest biomass and the higher levels of Fe and Mn in the biomass of this SSS. The quantitative order of nutrient storage in biomass was Fe> Mn> Zn> B> Cu

SPECTRORADIOMETRY IN THE VISIBLE AND NEAR INFRARED REGION ON A STAND OF Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden

Leituras de reflectância em folhas de árvores de bordadura e de interior de um povoamento florestal de Eucalyptus grandis , no município de São Pedro das Missões - RS, foram analisadas nas regiões do espectro eletromagnético visível e do infravermelho próximo, utilizando-se espectrorradiometria. A área foi dividida em duas partes: bordadura e centro do povoamento. Para a coleta de material, a copa das árvores foi dividida em três partes (superior, média e inferior), de forma a diferenciar as posições de coleta de folhas, em cada uma das áreas. Foram amostradas três árvores em cada área, totalizando seis árvores, sendo que para cada árvore foram coletadas 60 folhas isoladas, 20 em cada posição. As leituras de reflectância foram realizadas através do espectrorradiômetro FieldSpec®3 e os resultados finais foram segmentados nas bandas espectrais do visível e do infravermelho próximo. A análise estatística valeu-se do teste Tukey HSD, para comparação das médias da região do visível, que de acordo com a ANOVA apresentaram diferenças significativas. Conclui-se que as classes indicadas de coleta de folhas para análise espectrorradiométrica na região do visível são preferencialmente a 5 (árvore de centro, leitura na parte mediana) e a 3 (árvore de bordadura, leitura parte superior).Reflectance readings in border and inner tree leaves in a Eucalyptus grandis stand, in São Pedro das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul state, were analyzed in the regions of the visible electromagnetic spectrum and the nearby infrared, by using spectrum radiometry. The area was divided in two parts: border and center stands. In order to collect the material, the crown was divided in three parts (superior, medium and inferior), so that it would be possible to differentiate the positions of leaf collections in each area. Three trees were sampled in each area, adding up to six trees, for each tree, 60 isolated leaves were collected, 20 in each position. The reflectance readings were carried out through FieldSpec®3 spectrum radiometer and the final results were segmented in the visible and nearby infrared spectral bands. The statistical analysis was made on the basis of several tests, among them Tukey HSD test, in order to compare the averages of the visible region, which, according to ANOVA, present significant differences. It is concluded that the collecting indicating class of leaves for the spectrum radiometric analysis in the visible region are preferably the 5 one (tree in the center, reading in the medium part) and #3 one (border tree, reading superior part)