The role of colonic metabolism in lactose intolerance

Lactose maldigestion and intolerance affect a large part of the world population. The underlying factors of lactose intolerance are not fully understood. In this review, the role of colonic metabolism is discussed, i.e. fermentation of lactose by the colonic microbiota, colonic processing of the fermentation metabolites and how these processes would play a role in the pathophysiology of lactose intolerance. We suggest that the balance between the removal and production rate of osmotic-active components (lactose, and intermediate metabolites, e.g. lactate, succinate, etc.) in the colon is a key factor in the development of symptoms. The involvement of the colon may provide the basis for designing new targeted strategies for dietary and clinical management of lactose intolerance

Rebrota de Lotus spp. de diferentes hábitos de crescimento Regrowth of Lotus spp. with different growth habits

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar cultivares de Lotus spp. de diferentes hábitos de crescimento (L. corniculatus: São Gabriel - semi-ereto; ARS2620 - prostrado; L. uliginosus: cv. Maku - decumbente) cultivados em vasos e submetidos a diferentes alturas (4 - 8 cm) e freqüências (quinzenal - mensal) de corte do 95º ao 233º dia de idade. As maiores produções de massa seca (g/planta) foram obtidas com cortes mensais a 8 cm (Maku = 13,3; S. Gabriel = 11,5; ARS2620 = 7,3). Em níveis intermediários (mensal - 4 cm; quinzenal - 8 cm), o cultivar Maku foi superior aos demais, enquanto, em cortes quinzenais (4 cm), não houve diferença entre os cultivares. O cultivar ARS2620 apresentou menor estatura e maior cobertura verde residual após os cortes. Na condição residual após o último corte, o cultivar Maku superou os demais quanto ao diâmetro da coroa e às produções de MS da raiz primária, subterrânea, aérea e de sóboles. Todos os cultivares foram favorecidos pelo manejo menos intenso, mas apresentaram mecanismos compensatórios ao serem manejados com cortes baixos em menor freqüência ou com cortes freqüentes, mas menos intensos. Os três cultivares apresentaram caules subterrâneos sobolíferos. A sobrevivência do cultivar São Gabriel e o sistema subterrâneo de Lotus spp. foram comprometidos em cortes intensos e freqüentes.<br>This work aimed to compare Lotus spp. cultivars with different growth habits (L. corniculatus: cv. São Gabriel, semi-erect, cv. ARS2620, prostrate, and L. uliginosus: cv. Maku, decumbent), submitted to different height (4 - 8 cm) and cutting frequencies (15 d and 30 d), between the 95th and 233rd days old, grown in pot. Greater DM production (g. plant-1 of DM) was obtained under monthly cutting at 8 cm (Maku = 13.3; S. Gabriel = 11.5; ARS2620 = 7.3). Maku surpassed the others when intermediate levels (monthly cutting-4 cm; fortnighly cutting-8 cm) were used; harvests every 15 d and at 4 cm resulted in no difference among cultivars. The cv. ARS2620 showed the lowest height and the highest residual green canopy after defoliation. After the last cut, the cv. Maku overcame the other cultivars regarding crown diameter, DM of taproot, DM of soboles, DM of underground roots, and shoots. Lenient management favoured all the cultivars but they showed compensatory mechanism when they were submitted to intense and less frequent cutting or under frequent and less intense cutting. The three cultivars showed subterraneum stems of sobole type. The persistence of cv. S. Gabriel and the underground system of Lotus spp. were affected under intense and frequent cutting

Charged particle multiplicity distributions in Z0 hadronic decays

This paper presents an analysis of the multiplicity distributions of charged particles produced in Z0 hadronic decays in the DELPHI detector. It is based on a sample of 25364 events. The average multiplicity is &amp;lt;nch&amp;gt;=20.71±0.04(stat)±0.77(syst) and the dispersion D=6.28±0.03(stat)±0.43(syst). The data are compared with the results at lower energies and with the predictions of phenomenological models. The Lund parton shower model describes the data reasonably well. The multiplicity distributions show approximate KNO-scaling. They also show positive forward-backward correlations that are strongest in the central region of rapidity and for particles of opposite charge. © 1991 Springer-Verlag