Local product structure for expansive homeomorphisms

Let $f\colon M\to M$ be an expansive homeomorphism with dense topologically hyperbolic periodic points, $M$ a compact manifold. Then there is a local product structure in an open and dense subset of $M$. Moreover, if some topologically hyperbolic periodic point has codimension one, then this local product structure is uniform. In particular, we conclude that the homeomorphism is conjugated to a linear Anosov diffeomorphism of a torus.Comment: 19 pages, Some corrections mad

Isolated ventricular noncompaction: a case report

Isolated ventricular noncompaction is an extremely rare cardiomyopathy, not fully clarified

Local product structure for expansive homeomorphisms, Topology and its

Abstract. Let f: M → M be an expansive homeomorphism with dense topologically hyperbolic periodic points, M a closed manifold. We prove that there is a local product structure in an open and dense subset of M. Moreover, if some topologically hyperbolic periodic point has codimension one, then this local product structure is uniform. In particular, we conclude that the homeomorphism is conjugated to a linear Anosov diffeomorphism of a torus. 1

C19. Ventilação mecânica prolongada numa UCI respiratória

Os autores tiveram como objectivo avaliar a ventilação mecânica prolongada (VMP) (³ 15 dias) tendo em consideração: - grupos de diagnóstico, gravidade e sobrevivência.De 1990 a 2002 todos os doentes submetidos a ventilação mecânica (VM) admitidos na nossa UCI foram incluídos. Os doentes com VM ³ 15 e 0.05Dos doentes com VMP que tiveram alta (n=236), 13 (5,5%) ficaram dependentes de VM invasiva; 26 (11%) faleceram após 40,1±38 meses e 104 (44%) estavam vivos ao fim de 21±29,9 meses após a alta.Em conclusão os doentes com VMP tiveram uma maior taxa de mortalidade durante o internamento na UCI. apesar de terem APACHE II idênticos. Daqueles que sobreviveram somente 5,5% ficaram dependentes VM invasiva. No follow-up 44% dos doentes com VMP estavam vivos após 21 meses. : Our aim was to evaluate prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) (³ 15 days) in what concerns:- diagnostic groups, severity and survival.During 1990-2002 all mechanically ventilated (MV) patients admitted in the study period were included. MV ³ 15 and 0.05From discharged patients (n=236), 13 (5,5%) were dependent on invasive MV; 26 (11%) died in a 40,1±38 months period and 104 (44%) were alive in 21±29,9 months after discharge.In conclusion in spite of a similar APACHE II, PMV patients had higher ICU mortality rate. From survivors only 5,5% rested dependent on invasive MV. The follow-up of PMV showed a 44% survival rate at more or less 21 months. Key words: prolonged mechanical ventilation, follow-up, Palavras chave: ventilação mecânica prolongada, follow-u

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

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