Severe Acute Malnutrition among Unoperated Ethiopian Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Wake-up Call to Reverse the Situation, A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND፡ Children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) are at increased risk for severe acute malnutrition (SAM). We aimed to determine the magnitude and determinants of SAM among children with CHD in a tertiary hospital.METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among children with CHD between 2016 and 2019. Clinical and anthropometric data were retrieved from medical records. Anthropometric assessment was done by using WHO standard growth curves. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences V22. Statistical significance was set at p-value<0.05, and multivariable logistic regression was used to determin predictors.RESULTS: There were 2400 pediatric admissions during the study period,CHD accounted for 6.5%(156) of admissions. For review, 141 records were eligible. The gender distribution was comparable, males 51.1% (72). Infants (<12 months) and older children (>12 months) accounted for 57.4% (81) and 42.6% (60) of study subjects, respectively. SAM was documented in 51.8% (73) of the study subjects, [95% CI: 44.7-60.2]. Infants had higher odds of SAM compared to children aged >12 months[adjusted odds ratio (AOR)= 4.48, 95%CI:2.07-9.70]. Anemic children had higher odds for SAM[AOR =3.76, 95% CI:1.54-9.18]. Children without acyanotic CHD with heart failure(HF) were 58% less likely to develop SAM[AOR= 0.42, 95% CI:0.19-0.96].CONCLUSION: The burden of SAM among children with CHD is high. Younger age,anemia and acyanotic CHD with HF predicted SAM.Screening for anemia and targeted anthropometric assessment are recommended for early SAM detection

Tuning a Campus Network

The foremost purpose for carrying out this project was to have an understandable conception of what a campus network is and the development it has followed through time due to the various demands from enterprises. The goal was to analyze the different components that compose an enterprise campus network along with a range of practicable routing protocols and Layer 2 switching technologies. The practical part of the project was carried out taking into consideration the requirements of a typical enterprise campus network today due to the services it provides and the demands from its clients. By this, both the clients and the enterprise providing the services need the campus network to perform to its full capacity with a guaranteed security, Quality of Service, and high availability. It was found that using a routing protocol end-to-end was a more efficient way of deploying a highly available enterprise campus network compared to Layer 2 access design. A fully routed enterprise campus network not only triumphs all the bottleneck of Layer 2 designs but as well achieves the needs and demands of clients today without them noticing the downtime. It is fundamental to construct the campus network in a structured manner and considering of the future developments without affecting the current structural design. The designed campus network should be able to easily scale, be manageable, redundant, and with Quality of Service to achieve all the intensifying demands of today’s user