Cyber security assessment education for e-governance systems

Electronic Governance is being rapidly adopted across the world for providing seamless services to citizens. With rising digitization of information resources, the threats to the infrastructure and digital data are also growing. For developed nations, the security parameters and optimization processes are well tested and placed, but for developing nations these are yet to be addressed strongly. There is also a need for imparting awareness and educating personnel involved in the development and operations of E-Governance Systems. This study proposes a framework for security assessment amongst the departments of E-Governance, based on Information Systems principles. The major areas of security covered in the framework are related to the Hardware, Network, Software, Server & Data security, Physical Environment Security, and various policies for security of Information Systems at the organizational level. The suggestive framework has also been tested for an organization in India. It was found that, given the functionality & magnitude of the organization, the assessment framework was able to analyze the strength and weakness of an organization in an exhaustive manner. The coverage of technological and organizational measure was found to be 69% and 53% respectively and the organization was placed in top two zones of the proposed grid. This study will be useful for security assessment of various organizations operating under E-Governance

The biology and ecology of the ocean sunfish Mola mola: a review of current knowledge and future research perspectives

Relatively little is known about the biology and ecology of the world’s largest (heaviest) bony fish, the ocean sunfish Mola mola, despite its worldwide occurrence in temperate and tropical seas. Studies are now emerging that require many common perceptions about sunfish behaviour and ecology to be re-examined. Indeed, the long-held view that ocean sunfish are an inactive, passively drifting species seems to be entirely misplaced. Technological advances in marine telemetry are revealing distinct behavioural patterns and protracted seasonal movements. Extensive forays by ocean sunfish into the deep ocean have been documented and broad-scale surveys, together with molecular and laboratory based techniques, are addressing the connectivity and trophic role of these animals. These emerging molecular and movement studies suggest that local distinct populations may be prone to depletion through bycatch in commercial fisheries. Rising interest in ocean sunfish, highlighted by the increase in recent publications, warrants a thorough review of the biology and ecology of this species. Here we review the taxonomy, morphology, geography, diet, locomotion, vision, movements, foraging ecology, reproduction and species interactions of M. mola. We present a summary of current conservation issues and suggest methods for addressing fundamental gaps in our knowledge