Neutrino oscillations in matter of varying density

We consider two-family neutrino oscillations in a medium of continuously-varying density as a limit of the process in a series of constant-density layers. We construct analytic expressions for the conversion amplitude at high energies within a medium with a density profile that is piecewise linear. We compare some cases to understand the type of effects that depend on the order of the material traversed by a neutrino beam.Comment: 10 page

Tobacco Mosaic Virus Based Thin Film Sensor for Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds

A thin film sensor for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC) was fabricated by deposition of oligo-aniline grafted tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) onto a glass substrate. The oligo-aniline motifs were conjugated onto the TMV surface by a traditional diazonium coupling reaction to tyrosine residues followed by Cu(I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The modified TMV was easily fabricated into a thin film by directly drop coating onto a glass substrate. Upon integration of the glass substrate into a prototypical device, the virus-based thin film exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity toward ethanol and methanol vapour

EU Nature Restoration Law; EGU Response

The EGU Biodiversity Task Force welcomes the ambitious targets outlined in the Nature Restoration Law that was presented by the European Commission on 22 June 2022. To ensure the Nature Restoration Law is successful, the EGU Biodiversity Task Force is recommending seven key points to be added, amended, or strengthened throughout the document

Electrospinning Fabrication, Structural and Mechanical Characterization of Rod-Like Virus-Based Composite Nanofibers

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was electrospun with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into continuous TMV–PVA composite nanofibers to form a biodegradable nonwoven fibrous mat as an extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetic. Morphological characterizations by electron microscopyshowed that the addition of varying amounts of TMV resulted in homogeneous nanofibers without phase separation and did not change the diameter of the composite nanofibers. The orientation of TMV in as-spun fibers could be readily controlled and post-processing of the nonwoven TMV–PVA mat significantly improved its water resistance. In addition, tensile tests were performed on individual nanofibers, which revealed that the TMV–PVA composite nanofibers achieved a comparable Young\u27s modulus as PVA nanofibers. Since the modification of TMV is readily achieved via genetic or chemical methods, this process offers a facile way to incorporate a variety of functionalities into polymer nanofibers. As a demonstration of its potential as ECM mimetic, a mutant TMV containing RGD peptide was co-spun with PVA and the resulting fibrous substrates were used to promote cell growth

Thirty-two Goldbach Variations

We give thirty-two diverse proofs of a small mathematical gem--the fundamental Euler sum identity zeta(2,1)=zeta(3) =8zeta(\bar 2,1). We also discuss various generalizations for multiple harmonic (Euler) sums and some of their many connections, thereby illustrating both the wide variety of techniques fruitfully used to study such sums and the attraction of their study.Comment: v1: 34 pages AMSLaTeX. v2: 41 pages AMSLaTeX. New introductory material added and material on inequalities, Hilbert matrix and Witten zeta functions. Errors in the second section on Complex Line Integrals are corrected. To appear in International Journal of Number Theory. Title change

Participant Perceptions of Twitter Research Ethics

Social computing systems such as Twitter present new research sites that have provided billions of data points to researchers. However, the availability of public social media data has also presented ethical challenges. As the research community works to create ethical norms, we should be considering users’ concerns as well. With this in mind, we report on an exploratory survey of Twitter users’ perceptions of the use of tweets in research. Within our survey sample, few users were previously aware that their public tweets could be used by researchers, and the majority felt that researchers should not be able to use tweets without consent. However, we find that these attitudes are highly contextual, depending on factors such as how the research is conducted or disseminated, who is conducting it, and what the study is about. The findings of this study point to potential best practices for researchers conducting observation and analysis of public data

Preface to the special issue of the Division Energy, Resources and the Environment at the EGU General Assembly EGU22

The European Geosciences Union (EGU) is one of the leading global bottom-up societies that promotes earth, planetary and space sciences. In its annual general assemblies, EGU brings together experts from all over the world to discuss cutting-edge research and implementation of findings in their respective disciplines and beyond via its inter-and transdisciplinary sessions, and thus offers a unique forum for scientific exchange, science-policy interaction, and joint development of strategies for future research endeavours. Within that framework the Energy, Resources and the Environment (ERE) Programme Group provides the platform for discussion about adequate and reliable supplies of affordable energy and other georesources in environmentally sustainable ways. This special issue in Advances in Geosciences comprises a collection of contributions from the ERE Programme Group, which were presented at the General Assembly 2022. It was held in hybrid mode for the first time from 23–27 May 2022, after two virtual assemblies in 2020 and 2021.</p

Editorial: Energy, Resources and the Environment – Interdisciplinary answers to approach the sustainable energy and resources conundrum

Every year, the European Geosciences Union (EGU) brings together experts from all over the world at its General Assembly, covering all disciplines of the Earth, planetary and space sciences. The EGU Division on Energy, Resources and the Environment (ERE) is concerned with one of the humankind's most challenging goals – providing affordable, reliable and sustainable energy and other georesources. A collection of contributions from the ERE Division at the EGU General Assembly 2018 is assembled within the present special issue in Advances in Geosciences.</p

The ATLAS SCT grounding and shielding concept and implementation

This paper presents a complete description of Virgo, the French-Italian gravitational wave detector. The detector, built at Cascina, near Pisa (Italy), is a very large Michelson interferometer, with 3 km-long arms. In this paper, following a presentation of the physics requirements, leading to the specifications for the construction of the detector, a detailed description of all its different elements is given. These include civil engineering infrastructures, a huge ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber (about 6000 cubic metres), all of the optical components, including high quality mirrors and their seismic isolating suspensions, all of the electronics required to control the interferometer and for signal detection. The expected performances of these different elements are given, leading to an overall sensitivity curve as a function of the incoming gravitational wave frequency. This description represents the detector as built and used in the first data-taking runs. Improvements in different parts have been and continue to be performed, leading to better sensitivities. These will be detailed in a forthcoming paper