33,545 research outputs found
The Impacts of Retail Promotions on the Demand for Orange Juice: A Study of a Retail Chain
This study examined the impacts of retail promotions on the demand for five brands of orange juices for a retail chain (referred to as Retailer X) and its competitors using the Rotterdam model. Results show that the combination of feature ads and displays had the largest impacts on retail revenue among the four promotional tactics considered, while temporary price reductions had no additional advertising impacts other than price impacts on retail revenues. Results also show that when Retailer X promotes an OJ brand using any of the tactics studied, a larger portion of the increased demand for the promoted brand came from reduced demand for other brands of OJ in the same store and a smaller portion came from the decreased demand in competing stores in the same trading area.Demand and Price Analysis, Marketing,
Preparing and probing atomic number states with an atom interferometer
We describe the controlled loading and measurement of number-squeezed states
and Poisson states of atoms in individual sites of a double well optical
lattice. These states are input to an atom interferometer that is realized by
symmetrically splitting individual lattice sites into double wells, allowing
atoms in individual sites to evolve independently. The two paths then
interfere, creating a matter-wave double-slit diffraction pattern. The time
evolution of the double-slit diffraction pattern is used to measure the number
statistics of the input state. The flexibility of our double well lattice
provides a means to detect the presence of empty lattice sites, an important
and so far unmeasured factor in determining the purity of a Mott state
Is there still a strong CP problem?
The role of a chiral U(1) phase in the quark mass in QCD is analysed from
first principles. In operator formulation, there is a parity symmetry and the
phase can be removed by a change in the representation of the Dirac gamma
matrices. Moreover, these properties are also realized in a Pauli-Villars
regularized version of the theory. In the functional integral scenario,
attempts to remove the chiral phase by a chiral transformation are thought to
be obstructed by a nontrivial Jacobian arising from the fermion measure and the
chiral phase may therefore seem to break parity. But if one starts from the
regularized action with the chiral phase also present in the regulator mass
term, the Jacobian for a combined chiral rotation of quarks and regulators is
seen to be trivial and the phase can be removed by a combined chiral rotation.
This amounts to a taming of the strong CP problem.Comment: 6 pages, REVTeX; brief discussion available at
http://theory.saha.ernet.in/~mitra/scp.htm
Positivity of Entropy in the Semi-Classical Theory of Black Holes and Radiation
Quantum stress-energy tensors of fields renormalized on a Schwarzschild
background violate the classical energy conditions near the black hole.
Nevertheless, the associated equilibrium thermodynamical entropy by
which such fields augment the usual black hole entropy is found to be positive.
More precisely, the derivative of with respect to radius, at fixed
black hole mass, is found to vanish at the horizon for {\it all} regular
renormalized stress-energy quantum tensors. For the cases of conformal scalar
fields and U(1) gauge fields, the corresponding second derivative is positive,
indicating that has a local minimum there. Explicit calculation
shows that indeed increases monotonically for increasing radius and
is positive. (The same conclusions hold for a massless spin 1/2 field, but the
accuracy of the stress-energy tensor we employ has not been confirmed, in
contrast to the scalar and vector cases). None of these results would hold if
the back-reaction of the radiation on the spacetime geometry were ignored;
consequently, one must regard as arising from both the radiation
fields and their effects on the gravitational field. The back-reaction, no
matter how "small",Comment: 19 pages, RevTe
Dynamical Decoupling in Optical Fibers: Preserving Polarization Qubits from Birefringent Dephasing
One of the major challenges in quantum computation has been to preserve the
coherence of a quantum system against dephasing effects of the environment. The
information stored in photon polarization, for example, is quickly lost due to
such dephasing, and it is crucial to preserve the input states when one tries
to transmit quantum information encoded in the photons through a communication
channel. We propose a dynamical decoupling sequence to protect photonic qubits
from dephasing by integrating wave plates into optical fiber at prescribed
locations. We simulate random birefringent noise along realistic lengths of
optical fiber and study preservation of polarization qubits through such fibers
enhanced with Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) dynamical decoupling. This
technique can maintain photonic qubit coherence at high fidelity, making a step
towards achieving scalable and useful quantum communication with photonic
qubits.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
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