Immune Responses in Human Necatoriasis: Association between Interleukin-5 Responses and Resistance to Reinfection

Cytokine and proliferative responses to Necator americanus infection were measured in a treatment-reinfection study of infected subjects from an area of Papua New Guinea where N. americanus is highly endemic. Before treatment, most subjects produced detectable interleukin (IL)4 (97%), IL-5 (86%), and interferon (IFN)-γ(64%) in response to adult N. americanus antigen. Pretreatment IFN-γ responses were negatively associated with hookworm burden, decreasing by 18 pg/mL for each increase of 1000 eggs/gram (epg) (n = 75; P < .01). Mean IFN-γ responses increased significantly after anthelmintic treatment, from 166 to 322 pg/mL (n = 42; P < .01). The intensity of reinfection was significantly negatively correlated with pretreatment IL-5 responses, decreasing by 551 epg for each 100 pg/mL increase in production of IL-5 (n = 51; P < .01). These data indicate that there is a mixed cytokine response in necatoriasis, with worm burdenassociated suppression of IFN-γ responses to adult N. americanus antigen. Resistance to reinfection is associated with the parasite-specific IL-5 response

Vector Manifestation and Fate of Vector Mesons in Dense Matter

We describe in-medium properties of hadrons in dense matter near chiral restoration using a Wilsonian matching to QCD of an effective field theory with hidden local symmetry at the chiral cutoff $\Lambda$. We find that chiral symmetry is restored in vector manifestation \`a la Harada and Yamawaki at a critical matter density $n_c$. We express the critical density in terms of QCD correlators in dense matter at the matching scale. In a manner completely analogous to what happens at the critical $N_f^c$ and at the critical temperature $T^c$, the vector meson mass is found to vanish (in the chiral limit) at chiral restoration. This result provides a support for Brown-Rho scaling predicted a decade ago.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure

Mirror displacement energies and neutron skins

A gross estimate of the neutron skin [0.80(5)$(N-Z)/A$ fm] is extracted from experimental proton radii, represented by a four parameter fit, and observed mirror displacement energies (CDE). The calculation of the latter relies on an accurately derived Coulomb energy and smooth averages of the charge symmetry breaking potentials constrained to state of the art values. The only free parameter is the neutron skin itself. The Nolen Schiffer anomaly is reduced to small deviations (rms=127 keV) that exhibit a secular trend. It is argued that with state of the art shell model calculations the anomaly should disappear. Highly accurate fits to proton radii emerge as a fringe benefit.Comment: 4 pages 3 figures, superseeds first part of nucl-th/0104048 Present is new extended version: 5 pages 4 figures. Explains more clearly the achievements of the previous on

Global Charges in Chern-Simons theory and the 2+1 black hole

We use the Regge-Teitelboim method to treat surface integrals in gauge theories to find global charges in Chern-Simons theory. We derive the affine and Virasoro generators as global charges associated with symmetries of the boundary. The role of boundary conditions is clarified. We prove that for diffeomorphisms that do not preserve the boundary there is a classical contribution to the central charge in the Virasoro algebra. The example of anti-de Sitter 2+1 gravity is considered in detail.Comment: Revtex, no figures, 26 pages. Important changes introduced. One section added

Demonstration of Elemental Partitioning During Austenite Formation in Low-Carbon Aluminium alloyed steel

This work investigates the influence of aluminium, in solid solution, on austenite formation in a lowcarbon aluminium alloyed (0.48 wt. %) steel during continuous heating. A thin section across an untransformed ferrite and austenite interface was prepared for transmission electron microscopy by focused ion beam milling. Microstructural characterization using imaging and elemental analysis demonstrates that aluminium partitions from austenite to ferrite during very slow heating conditions, stabilizing this latter phase and shifting the final transformation temperature for austenite formation (Ac3)Peer reviewe

Demonstration of Elemental Partitioning During Austenite Formation in Low-Carbon Aluminium alloyed steel

This work investigates the influence of aluminium, in solid solution, on austenite formation in a lowcarbon aluminium alloyed (0.48 wt. %) steel during continuous heating. A thin section across an untransformed ferrite and austenite interface was prepared for transmission electron microscopy by focused ion beam milling. Microstructural characterization using imaging and elemental analysis demonstrates that aluminium partitions from austenite to ferrite during very slow heating conditions, stabilizing this latter phase and shifting the final transformation temperature for austenite formation (Ac3)Peer reviewe

Prospects of Open Charm Production at GSI-FAIR and J-PARC

We present a detailed phenomenological study of the prospects of open charm physics at the future $\bar{p}p$ and $pp$ facilities GSI-FAIR and J-PARC, respectively. In particular, we concentrate on differential cross sections and the charge and longitudinal double-spin asymmetries at next-to-leading order accuracy. Theoretical uncertainties for the proposed observables are estimated by varying the charm quark mass and the renormalization and factorization scales.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure

Critical behavior of the planar magnet model in three dimensions

We use a hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm in which a single-cluster update is combined with the over-relaxation and Metropolis spin re-orientation algorithm. Periodic boundary conditions were applied in all directions. We have calculated the fourth-order cumulant in finite size lattices using the single-histogram re-weighting method. Using finite-size scaling theory, we obtained the critical temperature which is very different from that of the usual XY model. At the critical temperature, we calculated the susceptibility and the magnetization on lattices of size up to $42^3$. Using finite-size scaling theory we accurately determine the critical exponents of the model and find that $\nu$=0.670(7), $\gamma/\nu$=1.9696(37), and $\beta/\nu$=0.515(2). Thus, we conclude that the model belongs to the same universality class with the XY model, as expected.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Non-holomorphic multi-matrix gauge invariant operators based on Brauer algebra

We present an orthogonal basis of gauge invariant operators constructed from some complex matrices for the free matrix field, where operators are expressed with the help of Brauer algebra. This is a generalisation of our previous work for a signle complex matrix. We also discuss the matrix quantum mechanics relevant to N=4 SYM on S^{3} times R. A commuting set of conserved operators whose eigenstates are given by the orthogonal basis is shown by using enhanced symmetries at zero coupling.Comment: 29 pages, typos corrected, references adde

Anti-de Sitter/CFT Correspondence in Three-Dimensional Supergravity

Anti-de Sitter supergravity models are considered in three dimensions. Precise asymptotic conditions involving a chiral projection are given on the Rarita-Schwinger fields. Together with the known boundary conditions on the bosonic fields, these ensure that the asymptotic symmetry algebra is the superconformal algebra. The classical central charge is computed and found to be equal to the one of pure gravity. It is also indicated that the asymptotic degrees of freedom are described by 2D "induced supergravity" and that the boundary conditions "transmute" the non-vanishing components of the WZW supercurrent into the supercharges.Comment: Additional remarks in the extended case, added references, and small misprints corrected. To appear in Phys. Rev. D. Latex, 19 pages, no figure