Energy Conservation and Gravity Waves in Sound-proof Treatments of Stellar Interiors: Part I Anelastic Approximations

Typical flows in stellar interiors are much slower than the speed of sound. To follow the slow evolution of subsonic motions, various sound-proof equations are in wide use, particularly in stellar astrophysical fluid dynamics. These low-Mach number equations include the anelastic equations. Generally, these equations are valid in nearly adiabatically stratified regions like stellar convection zones, but may not be valid in the sub-adiabatic, stably stratified stellar radiative interiors. Understanding the coupling between the convection zone and the radiative interior is a problem of crucial interest and may have strong implications for solar and stellar dynamo theories as the interface between the two, called the tachocline in the Sun, plays a crucial role in many solar dynamo theories. Here we study the properties of gravity waves in stably-stratified atmospheres. In particular, we explore how gravity waves are handled in various sound-proof equations. We find that some anelastic treatments fail to conserve energy in stably-stratified atmospheres, instead conserving pseudo-energies that depend on the stratification, and we demonstrate this numerically. One anelastic equation set does conserve energy in all atmospheres and we provide recommendations for converting low-Mach number anelastic codes to this set of equations.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 20 pages emulateapj format, 7 figure

Growth in the Treasure Valley in 2021

This report is an extension of the Seventh Annual Idaho Public Policy Survey, which was conducted November 13-21, 2021 and surveyed 1,000 adults who currently live in Idaho. In addition to the statewide responses, the Treasure Valley was oversampled to survey 655 residents (demographically weighted to approximate 691 residents) of Ada (65.7%), Canyon (26.9%), Boise (3.3%), Gem (3.1%) and Owyhee (1.1%) counties. These respondents were asked an additional bank of questions unique to the Treasure Valley. The sample is designed to be representative of the population both geographically and demographically, with a simple random sampling margin of error of =/- 3.7%. The survey was administered by GS Strategy Group via cell phone (29.5%), landline phone (27.3%), online (31.5%), and text message (11.7%)

Idaho Health and Welfare: Treatment and Transitions Program Evaluation 2022, Year 4 Annual Report

The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare’s (IDHW) Treatment and Transitions Program serves individuals with severe mental illness and/or a co-occurring disorder who are experiencing homelessness or housing instability. The project is funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. As the Project Evaluator, Idaho Policy Institute oversees all evaluation activities and works closely with IDHW program staff to design data collection strategies, monitoring, and reporting for this program with the objectives to: Measure the program’s ability to meet its stated goals and objectives, and Inform IDHW’s decisions for program improvement. This report serves as the second quarterly evaluation of the program’s fourth year. Key achievements in this quarter include admitting 17 Idahoans experiencing severe mental illness and/or co-occurring disorders into the TNT Program. To date, the program has launched four enhanced safe and sober houses and directly provided 233 Idahoans with stable housing and supportive services

Idaho Health and Welfare: Treatment and Transitions Program Evaluation 2021 Year 3 Quarter 1

The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare’s (IDHW) Treatment and Transitions (TNT) Program serves individuals with severe mental illness and/or a co-occurring disorder who are experiencing homelessness or housing instability. The project is funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. As the Project Evaluator, Idaho Policy Institute oversees all evaluation activities and works closely with IDHW program staff to design data collection strategies, monitoring, and reporting for this program with the objectives to: Measure the program’s ability to meet its stated goals and objectives, and Inform IDHW’s decisions for program improvement. This report serves as the first quarterly evaluation of the TNT program’s third year. Key achievements in this quarter include admitting 26 Idahoans experiencing severe mental illness and/or co-occurring disorders into the TNT Program. To date, the program has launched three enhanced safe and sober houses and directly provided 126 Idahoans with stable housing and supportive services

Idaho Health and Welfare: Treatment and Transitions Program Evaluation 2020 Annual Report

The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare’s (IDHW) Treatment and Transitions (TNT) Program serves individuals with severe mental illness and/or a co-occurring disorder who are experiencing homelessness or housing instability. The project is funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. As the Project Evaluator, Idaho Policy Institute oversees all evaluation activities and works closely with IDHW program staff to design data collection strategies, monitoring, and reporting for this program with the objectives to: Measure the program’s ability to meet its stated goals and objectives, and Inform IDHW’s decisions for program improvement. This report serves as the second annual evaluation of the program. Key achievements in this year include admitting 80 Idahoans experiencing severe mental illness and/or co-occurring disorders into the TNT Program. To date, the program has launched three enhanced safe and sober houses and has directly provided 107 Idahoans with stable housing and supportive services

Idaho Health and Welfare: Treatment and Transitions Program Evaluation 2021 Annual Report

The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare’s (IDHW) Treatment and Transitions (TNT) Program serves individuals with severe mental illness and/or a co-occurring disorder who are experiencing homelessness or housing instability. The project is funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. As the Project Evaluator, Idaho Policy Institute (IPI) oversees all evaluation activities and works closely with IDHW program staff to design data collection strategies, monitoring, and reporting for this program with the objectives to: Measure the program’s ability to meet its stated goals and objectives, and Inform IDHW’s decisions for program improvement. This report serves as the third annual evaluation of the program. Key achievements in this year include admitting 85 Idahoans experiencing severe mental illness and/or co-occurring disorders into the TNT Program. To date, the program has launched four enhanced safe and sober houses and directly provided 181 Idahoans with stable housing and supportive services

Evictions in Idaho: Statewide Data for 2021

For the third consecutive year, IPI collected all court case data in Idaho. Data were obtained from the Idaho Supreme Court. In 2021, 1, 975 (about 1.0%) of Idaho’s renting households had an eviction filing and 1,107 (0.6%) were formally evicted. Overall, eviction court filings rose by 11% from 2020 to 2021. However, the number of households with formal evictions decreased by 1.7%. For much of 2021, Idaho residents still had access to emergency rental assistance funds and federal eviction moratoria were still in place. This could explain the lower numbers of formal evictions despite an increase in filings. It may also explain why both the number of filings and formal evictions have not returned to pre-pandemic levels. Although the reason for monthly fluctuations in eviction filings is unclear, the spike in August does correlate with the end of the CDC federal eviction moratorium the previous month

Idaho Health and Welfare: Treatment and Transitions Program Evaluation 2021 Year 3 Quarter 2

The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare’s (IDHW) Treatment and Transitions (TNT) Program serves individuals with severe mental illness and/or a co-occurring disorder who are experiencing homelessness or housing instability. The project is funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. As the Project Evaluator, Idaho Policy Institute oversees all evaluation activities and works closely with IDHW program staff to design data collection strategies, monitoring, and reporting for this program with the objectives to: Measure the program’s ability to meet its stated goals and objectives, and Inform IDHW’s decisions for program improvement. This report serves as the second quarterly evaluation of the TNT program’s third year. Key achievements in this quarter include admitting 20 Idahoans experiencing severe mental illness and/or co-occurring disorders into the TNT Program. To date, the program has launched three enhanced safe and sober houses and directly provided 143 Idahoans with stable housing and supportive services

Eighth Annual Idaho Public Policy Survey

The Eighth Annual Idaho Public Policy Survey was conducted November 10-17, 2022, and surveyed 1,000 adults who currently live in Idaho. The sample is representative of the state’s population, both geographically and demographically, with a margin of error of +/- 3.1%. The survey covered a wide variety of topics, including the economy, state budgeting, taxes, education, growth, housing, the environment, and crime. GS Strategy Group fielded the survey by cell phone (21%), landline phone (21%), online (32%), and text message (27%). (Does not add to 100% due to rounding.

Idaho Health and Welfare: Treatment and Transitions Program Evaluation 2024, Year 5 Annual Report

The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare’s (IDHW) Treatment and Transitions Program serves individuals with severe mental illness and/or a co-occurring disorder who are experiencing homelessness or housing instability. The project is funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. As the Project Evaluator, Idaho Policy Institute oversees all evaluation activities and works closely with IDHW program staff to design data collection strategies, monitoring, and reporting for this program with the objectives to: Measure the program’s ability to meet its stated goals and objectives, and Inform IDHW’s decisions for program improvement. This report serves as the fourth quarter and annual evaluation of the program’s fifth year. Key achievements in the fifth year include admitting 45 Idahoans experiencing severe mental illness and/or co-occurring disorders into the TNT Program with 12 of those individuals being admitted in the fourth quarter. To date, the program has launched four enhanced safe and sober houses and directly provided 278 Idahoans with stable housing and supportive services