Hydrologic Analysis of the Major Tributaries Within the Lower Dan River Watershed Between Milton, NC and Paces, VA

According to the Clean Water Act of 1972, Virginia is required to develop Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for its impaired waters. A TMDL is the maximum amount of particular contaminants that a body of water can accept, without violating federal and state water quality standards. Approximately 130 waters have been targeted for TMDL development, with fecal coliform contamination cited as one of the top five violations. The purpose of this study was to examine a ten-mile segment of the Dan River that has been designated as impaired, along with seven tributaries that contribute to that segment. The segment is found along the VA and NC border in Pittsylvania and Halifax Counties. From February to September 2000, hydrologic and chemical data were gathered on six sampling events at ten sites: three on the Dan River and seven tributary locations. All of the waterways were tested for temperature, pH, conductivity, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, and fecal coliform. Additionally, discharge was calculated for each tributary from field measurements. Averages and standard deviations were calculated for each of the chemical parameters for each site. The analysis of variance for the chemical parameters shows no significant change from the upstream Dan River site to the downstream Dan River site. Hydrographs were constructed for each of the tributaries, as were stage-discharge diagrams. For most of the streams, the correlation between stream depth and discharge, based on a linear regression, was very low; therefore, the diagrams should not be used for discharge prediction. Overall, the tributaries are not contributing a significant pollutant load to the river system based on chemical and hydrologic data

Does early childbearing and a sterilization-focused family planning programme in India fuel population growth?

Recent stagnation in the reduction of infant mortality in India can arguably be attributed to early child bearing practices and the lack of progress in lengthening birth intervals. Meanwhile, family planning efforts have been particularly successful in the southern states such as Andhra Pradesh, although family limitation is almost exclusively by means of sterilisation at increasingly younger ages. This paper examines the population impact of the unprecedented convergence of early childbearing trajectories in India and quantifies the potential implications stemming from the neglect of strategies that encourage delaying and spacing of births. The effects of adopting a ‘later, longer and fewer’ family planning strategy are compared with the continuation of fertility concentrated in the younger age groups. Results from the cohort component population projections suggest that a policy encouraging later marriage and birth spacing would achieve a future total population which is about 52 million less in 2050 than if the current early fertility trajectory is continued.census, family planning, fertility, India, National Family Health Surveys, population policies, population projections, Sample Registration Systems, sterilisation

Current Problems & Methods in Dance Reconstruction: Focus on Cross-Cultural and Social Dance Reconstruction

This roundtable began with presentations by the three conveners describing their own experience with reconstruction of social dance and/or dance in a cross-cultural context, including the French cancan of the 1820s and 1830s, American dances of the ragtime era, and New York mambo of the 1950s. Each presented methodological problems encountered and strategies employed in the face of those issues. The floor was then opened to all participants to dialogue about their own experiences in and questions about dance reconstruction in these varied contexts. Included here are summaries of each presenter’s remarks, followed by their recollections of and reactions to the discussion

Bridging Bays, Bridging Borders: Global Justice and Community Organizing in the San Francisco Bay Area

We offer this document as our own effort to build the inclusion and understandings that will help both communities and leaders recognize the grassroots wisdom and issues that could help us realize the positive impacts from globalization and minimize the negative aspects that have concerned us all. Another world is possible, but it is up to us to build it

Characterization and modelling of antisolvent crystallization of salicylic acid in a continuous oscillatory baffled crystallizer

Using antisolvent crystallisation of salicylic acid as the model process, we report our experimental investigation into the temporal and spatial steady states of solution concentration and mean crystal size in a continuous oscillatory baffled crystallizer. The evolutions of the two parameters over time and distance along the crystallizer are measured for a variety of operating conditions. The results show that the attainment of long term temporal and spatial stabilities (>100 residence times) for the solute concentrations are easily achieved, whereas the temporal steady states of the mean crystal size are more difficult to accomplish, even though the spatial steady states have been obtained. A simplified population balance model is applied to the experimental data for the determination of nucleation and growth kinetic parameters. From which both the solution concentration and the mean size were predicted and matched to experimental values reasonably well. In addition, we have identified and executed the conditions of long term steady states for extended operation of 6.25. h to produce close to 1. kg of crystal product with minimal variation in crystal size (±3.01. μm)

An ecological study of the soil fungi of some British sand dunes

The distribution of soil microfungi in the successive ecological zones of eight dune systems on the British coast was investigated with special reference to the acid system at Studland and the alkaline system at Sandwich. A number of direct and indirect fungal isolation methods were used and a new modification of the soil impression technique was developed for a comparative estimate of the amount of mycelium in dune soils. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the fungal population were studied in relation to the soil type, the soil profile and the vegetation. A succession of species was found to occur across the dune systems from the pioneer communities of the foreshore to the climax or sub-climax communities of the fixed dunes. The existence of distinct mycofloras in the acid and alkaline soils and the development of a microfungal profile were also demonstrated. The root surface fungal floras of Ammophila arenaria and Carex arenaria were examined at various stages of the dune succession and found to vary with soil type, reflecting the succession of "free" soil fungi. The dune soil fungal flora appeared from this investigation to be an active and relatively rich community, exhibiting an ecological succession and species associations on a scale comparable with that of the higher plants

The Australia-born in New Zealand

This thesis examines the characteristics of the Australia-born population in New Zealand with particular reference to the intercensal period of 1981-1986. Growth in the Australia-born population is placed in the context of links between New Zealand and Australia since the early twentieth century. Two types of statistical data {cross­ sectional and longitudinal) are utilised to provide information on both the resident and migrant component of this population. An analysis of the contribution of migrant flows to the population stock enumerated at each census provided an insight into the evolution of the Australia-born population over time. The "uniqueness" of the characteristics of the Australia-born population is examined by contrasting this population with the New Zealand-born and other overseas­ born populations. The characteristics of Australia-born migrants, and their unrestricted access to New Zealand, mean that theories of internal rather than international migration may be more appropriate to analyse trans-Tasman population movements. In this regard the distinction between internal and international migration is not particularly suitable and the types of migration should be viewed more as a continuum

Supported housing programs for the homeless mentally ill: a survival analysis

The present paper is the result of dissertation research on factors related to treatment failure in supportive housing programs for the adult, homeless, chronically mentally ill (CMI) population. The paper begins with a general review of the literature on the population, including an overview of epidemiological issues. Historical efforts to increase understanding of service needs of the population are then reviewed. The paper continues with a description of supportive housing and its subtypes, reviews a sampling of supportive housing effectiveness research, and introduces the constructs of residential stability and program retention as potential supportive housing outcome indicators. Research regarding possible mediators of housing stability is then examined. A description of the present study is presented, followed by results of a Kaplan-Meier analysis and an extended Cox regression analysis of longitudinal supportive housing data in which the terminal event is disengagement from Philadelphia-based supportedhousing programs. The paper concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the study’s statistical results.Ph.D., Clinical Psychology -- Drexel University, 200

Anatomical Knowledge Retention in Changing Curricula

Traditionally anatomy is one of the first subjects taught in medical school. Practicing physicians have commented on medical students’ poor anatomical knowledge in surgically oriented clerkships. Literature also shows that correlating clinical and anatomical sciences throughout early medical education may improve anatomical knowledge retention. With major medical school curricular changes happening across the nation, more quantitative data confirming this correlation is needed. The medical curriculum at the George Washington University School of Medicine recently underwent reorganization, transforming an earlier discipline-based curriculum to that of an integrated system-based one. In order to determine whether reorganization has an effect on anatomical knowledge retention, comparisons of anatomical knowledge between classes in the different curricula were made. Students from the last class of the discipline-based curriculum and students from the first class of the new, integrated curriculum completed the same 27question test before beginning their general surgery and obstetrics and gynecology (OB/Gyn) rotations. Scores for specific anatomy categories related to general surgery and OB/Gyn were then analyzed and compared between classes. Comparing the scores from the 2013 and 2016 cohorts, there was an overall decrease in retention from 65.69% to 63.64% (Table 1). Item analysis per topic revealed a mean decrease in surgical anatomy and OB/Gyn anatomy retention of 2.53% and 1.58%, respectively. There was a 21.6% increase in inguinal canal anatomy retention and a 17.33% increase in appendix related questions. There was also a 12.02% decrease in fallopian tube anatomy retention. In conclusion, when comparing the 2013 to the 2016 data there were overall decreases in retention for the anatomy as it relates to general surgery and OB/Gyn; however improvements were noted for specific topic areas. These results suggest that the change in retention is apparent and multifactorial. The differences between surgical anatomy retention and OB/Gyn anatomy retention scores may be related to the way the subject matter was organized and presented, or how the anatomic foundational knowledge was integrated with its clinical relevance. Although integrative learning has been associated with better retention, more studies will have to be conducted to validate this statement. Finally, analyzing the subject matter, curriculum structure, clinical focus, and objectives should be evaluated moving forward