MicroRNA in refined diagnosis of choroidal melanoma

Epigenetic studies of the level of microRNAs in human oncogenesis indicate their signifi cant role in the development and growth of malignant tumors of various origins. The fi rst works on the role of microRNAs in patients with uveal melanoma appeared in 2008.The aim: to analyze the expression level of miRNA-126 and miRNA-223 in the plasma blood of patients and to determine their signifi cance in the refi ned diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. Materials and methods. We examined 84 patients with choroidal melanoma (CM), mean age – 63.4 ± 1.2 (35–86 y.o.). Localization – a single CM node with a thickness of 0.77–17.19 mm. The control group consisted of 28 volunteers, age – 62.9 ± 1.42 (45–78 y.o.). Plasma miRNA expression levels were determined by real-time PCR.Results. An increase in the level of expression of miRNA-223 and miRNA-126 in blood plasma was confi rmed in all 84 patients with choroidal melanoma N0M0 compared with the control group. An increase in the expression of miRNA-223 and miRNA-126 was proved with an increase in tumor prominence.Conclusion. The obtained results of an increase in the expression of miRNA-223 indicate an increase in cell proliferation, and an increase in the expression of miRNA-126 on the activation of angiogenesis in a growing tumor, which makes it possible to recommend a study of the level of miRNA-223 and miRNA-126 for a more accurate diagnosis of small CM in cases of difficulty of differential diagnosis with other tumor-like diseases of the choroid

Structure from motion photogrammetry in forestry : a review

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe adoption of Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM) is transforming the acquisition of three-dimensional (3D) remote sensing (RS) data in forestry. SfM photogrammetry enables surveys with little cost and technical expertise. We present the theoretical principles and practical considerations of this technology and show opportunities that SfM photogrammetry offers for forest practitioners and researchers.Recent FindingsOur examples of key research indicate the successful application of SfM photogrammetry in forestry, in an operational context and in research, delivering results that are comparable to LiDAR surveys. Reviewed studies have identified possibilities for the extraction of biophysical forest parameters from airborne and terrestrial SfM point clouds and derived 2D data in area-based approaches (ABA) and individual tree approaches. Additionally, increases in the spatial and spectral resolution of sensors available for SfM photogrammetry enable forest health assessment and monitoring. The presented research reveals that coherent 3D data and spectral information, as provided by the SfM workflow, promote opportunities to derive both structural and physiological attributes at the individual tree crown (ITC) as well as stand levels.SummaryWe highlight the potential of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and consumer-grade cameras for terrestrial SfM-based surveys in forestry. Offering several spatial products from a single sensor, the SfM workflow enables foresters to collect their own fit-for-purpose RS data. With the broad availability of non-expert SfM software, we provide important practical considerations for the collection of quality input image data to enable successful photogrammetric surveys

MACULOPATHY AFTER TRANSPUPILLARY THERMOTHERAPY FOR CHOROIDAL MELANOMAS

Macular area changes arising after transpupillary thermotherapy for extrafoveal choroidal melanomas were studied in 23 patients. Risk factors for this complication were identified; these were the tumor margin being close (1−4.5 mm) to the foveola; temporal localization of melanoma; eyeground comorbidity (age-related macular degeneration, high-grade myopathy)

Eyelid skin cancer: еpidemiology, prognosis

Data on 3597 patients with primary malignant tumors of the visual organ were submitted to the Moscow City Cancer Register of the Moscow Healthcare Department in 2006–2015. Rate of eyelid skin cancer is 75.62 %. Calculated incidence is 3.4 per 100,000 population. The peak of the disease is at 70–80 years of age. The disease was diagnosed in people of age 46–85 years, it was 66.65 % more frequent in women than in men. Basal cell carcinoma comprised 91.14 % of all cases. In 65.7 % of cases the tumor was diagnosed at stage Т1 and Т2, and at stage Т1, when patient can be cured, only in 34 % of cases. Objective. Study of incidence of malignant eyelid tumors of epithelial genesis, their prognostic characteristics using data from Moscow City Ophthalmic Oncology Center and Ophthalmic Oncology Department of the Branch # 1 “Ophthalmology Clinic” of the S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department

EYELID CANCER: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PROGNOSIS

Data on 3597 newly diagnosed patients with malignant tumors of the eye was entered in the Moscow cancer registry during 2006–2015. The frequency of eyelid cancer was 75.62 %, its incidence was 3.4 per 100 000. People usually develop the disease at the age of 46–85 with the peak at 70–80 years. Incidence in females was 66.65 % higher than in males. The rate of basal cell carcinoma was 91.14 %. In 65.7 % of the cases tumor was diagnosed on Т1–2 stages; out of them only 34 % of the patients were diagnosed at T1 stage, when the disease can be completely cured

Maculopathy Development Mechanism in Choroid Tumor Localization Outside the Foveolar Zone

The term “distant maculopathy” (DM) means the changes in the macular region, when the tumor is located at the distant from it. Purpоse: to study the peculiarities of the DM development, according to the tumor localization and present a possible mechanism of this symptom development. Patients and Methods. The study involved 53 patients with choroidal tumors localized outside the macular area, including 18 patients with neuroepithelial detachment (NED) in the macular area. In addition to the standard eye examination, all patients underwent EDI OCT. Results. In 1/3 cases of extrafoveolar located choroidal tumors according to OCT, exudative changes in the macular zone were revealed. In extrafoveral choroidal melanoma (CM), the biometric tumor parameters in patients with DM were slightly higher than the average in patients of this group, however, there was no correlation between the height of NED and tumor parameters. In extrafoveolar choroidal hemangioma (CH), a significant direct relationship between the height of the NED in the foveolar zone and the biometric parameters of the CH was found. In all cases, there was not choroidal elevation in the foveolar zone. The thickness and structure of the choroid in the subfoveolar zone in CM did not differ from the paired eye and the normal values. The thickness of the choroid in CH also did not differ from the paired eye, however, there was a slight expansion of the outer layers of the choroid (as in the paired eye) and an increase in its thickness compared with the norm. When a tumor is located above the macular zone, there is a “gravitational” mechanism for the development of DM, due to the spread of subretinal fluid (or blood) under the action of gravity. In case of juxtapapillar tumor localization, the appearance of DM is caused by microvascular disorders in the foveo-macular region of the retina and impaired axoplasmic current. In CM, the occurrence of NED may be associated with a retinal tension on the steeper side of the tumor. Conclusion. The development of distant maculopathy in CM is a sign of “active” tumor growth, in CH it develops later and depends on the size of the tumor. In identifying a high prevalent NED in the macular area, a careful examination of not only the central fundus zone, but also its peripheral parts is necessary

Dry eye syndrome in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The pathogenesis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with thyroid eye disease is presented. The influence of therapy by a HYLO-PARIN® on a condition of a tear film in patients with various forms of thyroid eye disease is assessed.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> 34 eyes (17 patients) with thyroid eye disease were investigated. Dry eye evaluations included Shirmer and Jhones testing, tear film break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining. Patients were treated with HYLOPARIN ® (Ursapharm, Germany).</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Study showed that HYLO-PARIN® resulted in marked improvement as assessed by subjective complaints, Schirmer’s test, tear film break-up test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> HYLO-PARIN® provided relief from the signs<br />and symptoms of dry eye syndrome at patients with various forms of thyroid eye disease.</p

THE FIRST EXPERIENCE WITH INGARON TREATMENT FOR CONJUNCTIVAL MELANOMA

The paper describes the first experience with the Russian drug Ingaron from an interferon-group in the treatment of patients with conjunctival melanoma. The positive result obtained during 5-to-62-month follow-ups allows its therapeutic action to be positively appreciated